Political football: War and peace by other means at the World Cup 政治足球：世界盃賽場上的戰爭與和平

As Iran prepares to play diplomatic arch-rivals the US in the World Cup today, AFP looks at how geopolitics have spilled onto the pitch in previous World Cups: Mussolini’s ‘Blackshirts’: France v Italy, 1938 Just a year before World War II broke out, defending champions Italy arrived in France with politics taking center stage in their clash with the hosts. Championed by Italy’s then-leader, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, the team were booed when they came onto the pitch at the stadium near Paris. Undeterred, the Italians gave the fascist salute to the crowd and played in black shirts, a nod to the uniform worn by Mussolini’s notorious “Blackshirts” militia. Italy won the clash 3-1 and went on to win the competition. Cold War battle: East Germany v West Germany, 1974 It would be the only game at international level between the two national teams during the period when Germany was divided from 1949 to 1990. Billed as the “battle of the brothers” and at the height of the Cold War, tensions were so high that the traditional shirt-swapping at the end of the match was banned. With fears of terrorist activities, the match was categorized as high risk and armed squads were positioned around the stadium. East Germany, playing in their first World Cup, pulled off a sensational 1-0 win, though things soon returned to script, with West Germany winning the tournament. Maradona’s moment: England v Argentina, 1986 This highly charged clash took place in Mexico four years after Argentina’s defeat to Britain in the Falklands War. To the joy of their fans, Argentina took symbolic revenge, winning the quarter-final 2-1 with Diego Maradona scoring twice. His first goal was the infamous “Hand of God” goal, in which he punched the ball past England goalkeeper Peter Shilton. Then a

華語簡易通 EASY CHINESE FOR YOU

對話 Dialogues 家宏：妳家離捷運站遠不遠？ 宜君：不遠，我家就在捷運站附近。 家宏：那好。地圖拿來！我告訴妳。妳坐淡水線，在台北車站下車，從3號出口出去，然後往左一轉，就看見了。妳自己一個人去嗎？ 宜君：不，我跟我同學一起去。 家宏：那家百貨公司正好在打折，妳們可以好好地逛逛。 宜君：謝謝你告訴我。 Jiahong: Is it far from your home to the MRT? Yijun: Not very far. I live near the MRT. Jiahong: That’s great. Let me show you the way on the map. Take the Red / Tamsui Line, get off at Taipei Main Station, and go out at Exit 3, make a left turn, and you’re there. Are you going there by yourself? Yijun: No. I’m going with my classmate(s). Jiahong: That department store is having a sale. Enjoy and have fun! Yijun: Thanks for telling me.” 詞彙與短語 Vocabulary & Phrase 附近 (fùjìn) neighborhood 告訴 (gàosù) to tell 從 (cóng) from 往 (wǎng) toward / indicate direction 正好 (zhènghǎo) at the right moment 教材音檔 Audio Files 本文內容及音檔來源:　華語簡易通 For more audio files, visit the center’s Web site at: http://mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/book/book-show-6.html 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心提供 Provided by NTNU Mandarin Training Center: http://www.mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/ COPYRIGHT c 2022 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

ANALYTICAL ENGLISH 解析英語

Archaeology under the sea 水下考古：「潛」進歷史

Archaeologists tend to be stereotyped as people who work on land, digging up ancient ruins that lie below the surface of the earth. However, in recent decades, an exciting new form of archaeology has taken shape. This new practice is called underwater archaeology. Put simply, instead of looking under the ground for ancient artifacts, archaeologists dive deep into the ocean to conduct their searches. Underwater archaeology, although not without logistical difficulties, has been responsible for a number of high-profile findings in recent years. The development of underwater archaeology owes much to concurrent technological progress. First and foremost, it was the invention of self-contained underwater breathing apparatuses, or scuba for short, that initially made this practice possible. Subsequently, more advanced technologies—such as light detection and ranging (or lidar) and submersibles, which are remotely controlled robotic vehicles that can travel underwater—have rendered underwater archaeology more straightforward by making ocean environments more accessible and easier to observe. However, practical challenges still remain. For example, the archaeologists involved need to be skilled divers who can maneuver themselves underwater while properly handling any delicate discoveries. In addition, the success of a search relies heavily on good weather and water conditions. Nevertheless, underwater archaeology has led to some truly fascinating discoveries despite the limitations. In 1994, a group of archaeologists from France working in Egypt found the remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World,” during a search in the modern city of Alexandria’s Eastern Harbor. With such discoveries, it is clear why many of the world’s archaeologists are now looking to deep waters to uncover the hidden treasures that lie beneath. 刻板印象中往往認為考古學家是在陸地上工作的人，他們挖掘地表下的古代廢墟。然而，近幾十年來，一種令人興奮的新考古形式已經成形。這種新做法被稱為「水下考古學」。簡而言之，考古學家不是在地下尋找古代文物，而是潛入海洋深處進行搜索。水下考古雖然並非沒有後勤方面的困難，但近年來出現了許多備受關注的發現。 水下考古學的發展很大程度上歸功於同時發展的技術進步。首先，是自給式水下呼吸器（簡稱「水肺」）的發明最初使這種做法成為可能。隨後，更先進的技術―― 例如光學雷達（縮寫為 lidar）和潛水器，它們是可以在水下行駛的遠端遙控機器人車輛──透過使海洋環境更容易到達及更容易觀察，水下考古變得更簡單。 然而，實際的挑戰仍然存在。例如，參與的考古學家需是熟練的潛水員，他們要能在水下控制自己的方向，同時妥善處理任何易碎的發現物。此外，搜索要成功，很大程度需仰賴良好的天氣和水況。 不過，儘管有所侷限，水下考古還是帶來了一些真正令人著迷的發現。1994年，一群在埃及工作的法國考古學家在現代城市亞歷山大東港的搜索中，發現了「古代世界七大奇觀」之一的亞歷山大燈塔的遺跡。有了這樣的發現，就很清楚為什麼世界上的許多考古學家現在都希望能在深海發現隱藏在海底的寶藏。 What Did You Learn? 1. Marvin is a professional archaeologist. Which of the following is most likely what he said, according to the passage? (A) “Until now, no

By 常春藤解析英語 Mark Darvill

IN THE NEWS 多益加油站

近年來全世界的發展概念都圍繞在「永續」的議題上，不論是業界或學界都喊出ESG與SDGs的目標，但這兩個字到底代表什麼？今天我們就來從「永續」這個主題，認識ESG與SDGs，以及TOEIC測驗常出現的英文吧！ 什麼是ESG？ ESG是聯合國全球契約（UN Global Compact）於2004年所提出的概念，三個字母分別代表「Environment環境」、「Social社會責任」、與「Governance公司治理」。作為評估企業對社會的貢獻，以及投資人檢視企業能否長期經營的投資指標。 1. environment表示「生態環境」，因此environmental protection就解釋為「環保」。在TOEIC測驗中，代表「環境、情況」的單字還有circumstances與surroundings，但circumstances中有字根「circum」（環狀），surrounding中的「round」是「圓形」的意思，所以這兩者指的都是「周圍的環境」，但前者更用於處境，後者則更用於實體。 Plastics and nanoplastics are doing great damage to the marine environment. （塑膠與微粒塑膠正對海洋環境產生巨大傷害。） There are a lot of professional basketball players in the surrounding neighborhoods. （在周圍的社區中有很多職業籃球選手。） 2. social原指「社會的」意思，但在此解釋為「企業社會責任」，英文是Corporate Social Responsibility（CSR）。TOEIC測驗中的其中一個情境就是corporate development「企業發展」。corporate的意思是「公司的」，company是「公司」，enterprise則是「企業」。 TSMC’s Corporate Headquarters are located in Hsinchu. （台積電公司總部座落於新竹。） 3. governance「治理」來自於動詞govern，常見的衍生字有government「政府」與governor「統治者、州長」。 SDGs有哪些目標？ SDGs是聯合國所推行的永續發展目標（Sustainable Development Goals）的簡寫。共有十七項目標︰1: No Poverty、2: Zero Hunger、3: Good Health and Well-being、4: Quality Education、5: Gender Equality、6: Clean Water and Sanitation、7: Affordable and Clean Energy、8: Decent Work and Economic Growth、9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure、10: Reduced Inequality、11: Sustainable Cities and Communities、12: Responsible Consumption and Production、13: Climate Action、14: Life Below Water、15: Life on Land、16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions、17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal。以下針對幾項特別做介紹： GOAL 4: Quality Education「優質教育」 quality是「品質」的意思，當作形容詞時則表示「優質的」，例如quality time就代表「美好時光」。而在TOEIC測驗中，注意不要與quantity「數量」搞混。 Quality content is often the winning factor in the printed or digital publishing business. （優質內容通常是印刷或數位出版事業中的致勝要素。） When reading books, choose quality over quantity. （閱讀書籍時，務必重質不重量。） GOAL 5: Gender Equality「性別平權」 equality「平等」來自形容詞equal，字根「equa-」的意思就是「均等」，所以equator是「赤道」，而equation代表「等式、方程式」。 Gender equality is often an issue in the technology industry. （性別平權在是個科技產業常見的議題。） GOAL 7: Affordable & Clean Energy「可負擔的潔淨能源」 affordable來自於動詞afford「負擔」，是TOEIC測驗高頻字，在職場中也經常出現。 We can’t afford to drop this ball. （ 我們承擔不起這個錯誤。） The team can’t afford to lose Tim. （團隊無法承受失去提姆。） GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure「工業化、創新、及基礎建設」 innovation代表「創新」，而與其相似的單字renovation因為加上字首「re-」，意思是「翻修」。 The lobby will be under renovation for three weeks in June. （大堂將在六月進行為期三週的翻新。） GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption & Production「責任消費及生產」 consumption是「消費」的意思，與其經常出現的單字有consumer、customer、client，雖然三者都是「客戶」的意思，但是consumer代表「消費者」；customer通常是指「（單次或短期的）顧客」；client則是「（長期的）客戶」。 We strive to meet our clients’ expectations. （我們竭力滿足客戶的期望。） John is a regular customer at Jim’s Bar. （約翰是吉姆酒吧的常客。） ESG與SDGs的興起不是意外或偶然，而是人類希望可以與地球長期共存的反思結果。不管在哪個產業，為了地球環境的長存，讓我們一起以永續的觀點來守護這個世界吧。 多益模擬試題 1. If we ________ sustainable measures, the future would suffer great harm. (A) did not take (B) had not taken (C) takes (D) take 2. ________ the ESG certificate, Zoe will hold a sharing session on this trendy issue. (A) Having earned (B) Earned (C) Earn (D) Earns 解析 1. 正解為(A)。語意為「若我們此刻不採取永續的作為，未來將會承受重大傷害。」假設句主要字句使用should／would／could／might，加上原型動詞表示現在假設，條件子句應使用過去式，故(A)為正確答案。 2. 正解為(A)。語意為「獲得ESG證照後，柔伊將會舉辦一場分享會聊聊這個趨勢話題。」本題為分詞構句，獲得ESG證照是主動獲得，因此要使用現在分詞，故(A)為正確答案。 SOURCE: https://www.toeic.com.tw/info/article/toeic-power/news/ESG-SDGs 文章由 English OK 授權使用: www.englishok.com.tw

GO! ENGLISH 英語趴趴夠

Ms Kung put up a notice on the bulletin board of Classroom 901 龔老師在901教室的佈告欄上貼了一則告示。 You’re invited to the Christmas Party Date: Friday, Dec. 23 Place: Classroom 901 Notice: I will write each of your names on a piece of paper and put them in a box. Two weeks before the party, you will pick a name out of the box. Don’t tell anyone the name you drew. What you have to do is observe secretly what he/she likes. In other words, you will be his/her “Secret Santa,” and prepare a gift for him/her. At the party, you will …… 1. Put what you prepared on the big table. 2. Watch the video of our gift exchange at the Christmas party last year. 3. Open the gift from your “Secret Santa,” and thank him/her. 4. Enjoy the food and drinks. 必備單字 1. notice n. 告示（國中基礎1200字） 2. prepare ] v. 準備（國中基礎1200字） 實用字詞 1. in other words 換句話說 2. gift exchange 交換禮物 閱讀技巧： 將長句分成短字詞，以利閱讀 Two weeks／before the party,／you will pick a name／out of the box. 兩週／派對之前，／你要抽一個名字／從這個盒子裡。 斷句練習 I will write each of your names on a piece of paper, and put them in a box. 解答: I will／write each of your names／on a piece of paper,／and put them／in a box. 我將會／寫你們每個人的名字／在一張紙上，／並且把它放在／一個盒子裡。 考題練習： TOEIC Bridge測驗 X 國中會考題型 1. Who will go to the party? (A) Santa Claus. (B) Ms Kung’s friends. (C) The students of 901. 2. According to the reading, which is true? (A) It’s the first time the students have celebrated Christmas. (B) The teacher has 14 days to play the role of “Secret Santa.” (C) Those who go to the party will bring a gift on Dec. 23. 3. What does “observe” mean in this reading? (A) To make a gift. (B) To watch him/her carefully. (C) To draw a picture of him/her. 解答: 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 文章由 English OK 授權使用: www.englishok.com.tw

By TOEIC Bridge測驗夥伴校

SPEAK UP: Dwight Howard joins team in Taiwan (2/2) 「魔獸」霍華德震撼籃壇（二）

A: I remember T1 League was newly established last year. B: Yeah, the league has six teams: the Taiwan Beer Hero Bears, New Taipei CTBC DEA, Taoyuan Leopards, Taichung Suns, Tainan TSG Ghost Hawks and Kaohsiung Aquas. A: But in Taiwan, there are also the Super Basketball League and P+ League. B: So there are three leagues with 17 teams now. No wonder fans often get confused. A: As the three leagues keep competing with each other, it’s a pity that the limited resources cannot be integrated effectively. A: 我記得T1聯盟是去年新成立的。 B: 對啊它共有六支球隊︰台灣啤酒英熊、新北中信特攻、桃園永豐雲豹、台中太陽、台南台鋼獵鷹、高雄全家海神。 A: 但是台灣還有SBL聯盟、P+聯盟。 B: 三個聯盟十七支戰隊，難怪球迷經常被搞混。 A: 而且聯盟間互相競爭，資源無法整合真可惜！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）

SPEAK UP: Dwight Howard joins team in Taiwan (1/2) 「魔獸」霍華德震撼籃壇（一）

A: Wow, former NBA player Dwight Howard has announced that he is joining Taiwan’s T1 League! B: Which team is he playing for? A: He’s playing for the Taoyuan Leopards. With a monthly salary of US$200,000, he’s the highest-paid professional basketball player in Taiwan. B: The team’s parent company J&V Energy Technology Co is so ambitious. A: Let’s go watch his games someday. A: NBA球星「魔獸」霍華德加入台灣T1聯盟了！ B: 他加入了哪一個球隊？ A: 桃園永豐雲豹，聽說月薪二十萬美元，是台灣最高薪的職籃球員。 B: 球隊的母公司雲豹能源科技還真是大手筆耶。 A: 我們也去看他打球吧。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）

ENGLISH DIGEST 實用英語

Turkeys: The truth behind the name of these strange birds 為什麼火雞的英文 跟土耳其一樣呢？

It’s Thanksgiving time in the US. This involves the traditional Thanksgiving dinner, which includes a freshly cooked turkey. But what is a turkey? And why does it share a name with the country Turkey, despite being native to North America? It seems like the appropriate1time to get to the bottom of these burning questions! The story starts with the guinea fowl, a bird from West Africa. Apparently, these birds started showing up in England in the 1500s, and the English didn’t know what to call them. They arrived from Turkey through spice trade routes, so the English called them “turkey-cocks” or “turkey-hens.” Meanwhile, in 1526, actual turkeys started to arrive in England from North America, and the English misunderstood them to be the same type of animal. Once people figured out that the two were different species, they used the shortened name “turkey” to refer to the American bird. That’s not the end of the story, though! In other languages, the name for this bird has translations that are equally puzzling. For example, in Turkey, its name means “(the bird) from India.” The Greek name means “French chicken,” and the Portuguese name is “Peru.” But as Shakespeare wrote, “What’s in a name?” No matter what we call them, these peculiar animals have earned a place in our hearts, not to mention our stomachs. Happy Thanksgiving! 現在正是美國的感恩節。這包含了傳統的感恩節晚餐，其中有新鮮烹調的火雞。但火雞是什麼呢？而且它為何會與國家土耳其同名，儘管它原產於北美呢？似乎是徹底查明這些熱烈討論的問題的適當時機！ 　故事從珠雞開始，這是一種來自西非的鳥。據說這些鳥於西元1500年代開始出現在英格蘭，而英格蘭人不知該怎麼稱呼它們。珠雞透過香料貿易路線從土耳其抵達英格蘭，因此英格蘭人稱他們為「turkey-cocks（土耳其公雞）」或「turkey-hens（土耳其母雞）」。 與此同時，西元1526年時真正的火雞開始從北美傳入英格蘭，而英格蘭人將它們誤認為同一種動物。人們一理解這兩者是不同的物種時，他們就使用「turkey」這個簡稱來指這美洲的鳥。 　不過，這還不是故事的結局！在其他語言中，這種鳥的名字有同樣令人困惑的翻譯。舉例來說，在土耳其，它的名字意思是「來自印度的（鳥）」。希臘語的名字意思是「法國的雞」，葡萄牙語的名字則是「Peru」。 　但正如莎士比亞所寫，「名字裡又有什麼呢？」無論我們怎麼稱呼牠，這奇特的動物已經在我們心中佔有一席之地，更不用說在我們的胃了。感恩節快樂！ Key Vocabulary 1. appropriate adj. 適當的；合適的 Vince and Yvette went shopping for an appropriate wedding gift for their friends. 文斯與伊薇特去購物，為他們的朋友買合適的結婚禮物。 2. apparently adv. 據說；看來 Jamal just called. Apparently, they’re having some problems at the factory. 賈馬爾剛才打了電話。看來，他們在工廠遇到了一些問題。 3. misunderstand vt. 誤解；誤會 （三態 misunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstood） Please don’t misunderstand me. I’m not upset with you, I’m just too tired to go out tonight. 請別誤解我。我沒有生你的氣，我今晚只是太累了無法出門。 4. species n. 物種（單複數同形） This species has adapted to the extreme conditions of the area’s harsh climate. 此物種已經適應了該地區惡劣氣候的極端條件。 5. shorten v.（使）變短；縮短 The pants fit around her waist but they

By 《空中美語》 編輯群

華語簡易通 EASY CHINESE FOR YOU

對話 Dialogues 家宏：妳在看什麼？ 宜君：台北捷運路線圖。我想去逛百貨公司，聽說火車站對面有一家。 家宏：是啊！我上星期剛去過。 宜君：你是怎麼去的？ 家宏：我是坐公車去的。不過，坐捷運去也可以。 Jiahong: What are you looking at? Yijun: A route map of the Taipei MRT. I’d like to go shopping at the department store across from the railway station. Jiahong: I just went there last week. Yijun: How did you get there? Jiahong: I went there by bus, but you can also take the MRT. 詞彙與短語 Vocabulary & Phrase 路線圖 (lùxiàntú) a route map 逛 (guàng) to stroll, saunter, wander about, visit 站 (zhàn) a station 對面 (duìmiàn) opposite, on the side 過 (guò) particle used to express an completed action 教材音檔 Audio Files For more audio files, visit the center’s Web site at: http://mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/book/book-show-6.html 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心提供 Provided by NTNU Mandarin Training Center: http://www.mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/ COPYRIGHT c 2022 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Who will pay for climate ‘loss and damage’? 聯合國氣候峰會達協議 設立賠償基金

The COP27 summit of nearly 200 countries agreed on Sunday to set up a “loss and damage” fund to support poorer countries that are being ravaged by climate impacts, overcoming decades of resistance from wealthy nations whose historic emissions have fueled climate change. Pakistan’s climate minister Sherry Rehman, who was part of the campaign by developing nations to win the commitment at the two-week UN summit in Egypt, hailed the landmark decision as “downpayment on climate justice.” However, the text of the agreement leaves open a number of crucial details to be worked out next year and beyond, including who would contribute to the fund and who would benefit. Here is what you need to know about the agreement: WHAT IS ‘LOSS AND DAMAGE’? In UN climate talks, “loss and damage” refers to costs incurred from climate-fueled weather extremes or impacts, like rising sea levels. Climate funding so far has focused mostly on cutting carbon dioxide emissions in an effort to curb global warming, while about a third of it has gone toward projects to help communities adapt to future impacts. Loss and damage funding is different, specifically covering the cost of damage that countries cannot avoid or adapt to. But there is no agreement yet over what should count as “loss and damage” caused by climate change — which could include damaged infrastructure and property, as well as harder-to-value natural ecosystems or cultural assets. A report by 55 vulnerable countries estimated that their combined climate-linked losses over the last two decades totaled US$525 billion, or 20 percent of their collective GDP. Some research suggests that by 2030 such losses could reach US$580 billion per year. WHO PAYS WHOM? Vulnerable countries and campaigners in the past argued that rich countries that caused the bulk of climate change with their historical greenhouse gas emissions should pay. The US and EU had resisted the

ANALYTICAL ENGLISH 解析英語

DIY flower drying at home 乾燥花藝：凍結絕美時刻

For people who love flowers, drying flowers to keep them from withering is a fun hobby. Dried flowers last much longer than the normal lifespan of a flower. If you’re interested in starting a flower collection or preserving a bouquet as a keepsake, here are two methods to try. Air-drying Method This is a traditional method used for centuries. It’s also quite simple. First, cut off any excess leaves and trim the stems of your flowers, but leave at least six inches of length. After that, you use twine, ribbon, or string to tie your bunch of flowers securely together. Then, all that is left to do is to hang them upside down to dry, but avoid hanging them in moist areas. Also, keep them away from light; otherwise, the flower’s color may fade during the drying process, which takes about two to three weeks. Microwave Method This method is relatively new compared to the air-drying method. It is great for preserving flowers in full bloom. However, you’ll need a microwave oven and something called silica gel. First, cut off the stems close to the base of the flower. Next, add silica gel to a microwave-safe container. The silica gel should be about two to three centimeters deep. Then, place the blooms in the container, and sprinkle a bit more of the silica gel over the flowers and between the petals. Place the container into the microwave and heat it for two to five minutes. Once the flowers feel dry, take the container out of the microwave and cover it with a lid for 24 hours. Be sure to open the top slightly for it to vent. Using either of these methods will create lovely decorations that look great for months or even years. 對愛花人士來說，將花乾燥以防止其枯萎是有趣的嗜好。乾燥花比花朵一般的壽命還要更長。如果你對於開始蒐集花或保存一束花作為紀念品有興趣的話，有兩個方法可以試試。 風乾法 這是已經實行數個世紀的傳統方法。它也十分簡單。首先，將任何多餘的葉子剪掉，並修剪花朵的莖，但留下至少六英寸的長度。在那之後，用麻繩、緞帶或細線將你的花束緊緊綁在一起。 接著，就只剩下把它們倒掛起來風乾了，但要避免把它們掛在潮濕的地方。此外，也別讓它們照到光；否則，花可能會在風乾過程中褪色，而風乾過程大約要兩到三週。 微波爐乾燥法 這個方法與風乾法相比要來得新許多。這個方法很適合用來保存盛開的花朵。不過，你會需要一臺微波爐跟矽膠。首先，從接近花的底部將莖剪掉。接著將矽膠放入可微波的容器。矽膠的深度要達約二到三公分深。 再來，把花朵放入容器中，在花朵上及花瓣之間再撒一些矽膠。將容器放入微波爐中，加熱三到五分鐘。一旦花朵摸起來乾乾的，就把容器從微波爐中拿出來，用蓋子蓋住二十四小時。記住，上面要微微打開來讓它透氣。 這兩種方法皆能創造出可愛的裝飾，能夠維持數個月或甚至數年。 What Did You Learn? 1. Which

By 常春藤解析英語 Duncan DeAeth

IN THE NEWS 多益加油站

NFT是繼區塊鏈（block chain）與加密貨幣（crypto currency）後的熱門話題，究竟什麼是NFT？想要和外國人聊這個話題時又需要知道哪些關鍵字呢？我們一起來看看。 什麼是NFT？ NFT的全名是Non-fungible token，中文翻譯為「非同質化代幣」。fungible來自於經濟學中的fungibility（替代性），意思是「貨品或是人物具有可以直接與對方交換的特質。」簡單來說，NFT是將數位作品賦予獨一無二的代碼，因此當收藏家購買作品時，連同將代碼一起買下，所以即便買家擁有同樣的作品，例如圖片、影像等，也會因為代碼的不同，而被識別為不同作品。由於每個作品都擁有如同身分證明的代碼，便有了可被收藏、交易的價值。 目前NFT最多應用在圖片上，但也有聲音、影片、以及其他形式的創意作品。不過因為其獨特、無法交換的特性，目前NFT也已經開始作為其他物品產權的交換註記了。 In the beginning of 2022, the property right of a Florida house is minted into an NFT. （在2022年初，佛羅里達州一間房子的產權被做成了NFT。） token 代幣 token在生活中經常使用到，只要是描述所有實體的「代幣」，皆是用token，例停車場的代幣就是parking ticket token。而在職場與多益測驗中，token不是單純解釋為「代幣」，而是代表「表徵」，最常見的用法有token of appreciation／gratitude／good will／love。 Please accept this humble gift as a token of my appreciation. （請收下這個小禮物，以表示我的感激之情。） The action can be seen as a token of good will from the newly elected government. （此舉可被視為新當選政府的善意表徵。） 這些NFT超紅 在台灣，與NFT相關的話題大多圍繞在哪些名人出了NFT，例如周杰倫發行的Phanta Bear NFT，或是知名足球選手梅西（Lionel Messi）與NBA球星柯瑞（Stephen Curry）發行自己的NFT。這類名人所發行的的NFT被統稱為celebrity NFTs。 「有名」的說法很多，例如來自於fame「名聲」的famous、來自於note「注意」的noted與notable，以及與celebrity「名人」相對應的celebrated、以及從know延伸而來的well-known與renowned。 The school is notable for its basketball team. （這所學校以其籃球隊而聞名。） Jerry is a celebrated professor. （傑瑞是位聲名遠揚的教授。） NFT 七個行話 1. 打招呼： 在NFT社群中，彼此打招呼會用GM或是GN表示Good morning或Good night。並以Ser表示Sir、Mam代表Madam，或用Fren表示friend。 2. FOMO（Fear of missing out）： 許多人會買NFT的原因就是深怕錯過這波掏金潮，因此這樣的人也被稱做FOMOer。 3. OpenSea： 公海是一個網站（opensea.io）可以想成NFT的公開交易市場，所有NFT的持有者都可以在上面售賣NFT。但是因為是公開場域且幾乎沒有限制，所以在詐騙行為已層出不窮的NFT市場中，公海的交易更加需要謹慎小心。 4. delist： 字首「de-」是「去除」的意思，list是「名單」。因此delist就是代表將NFT從公海中「下架」。 5. rug pull： rug是「小地毯」的意思，因此把小地毯拉起來的動作可以解釋為「捲舖蓋、跑路」。NFT世界中最常見的詐騙行為就是在開始販售之後捲款潛逃，就像是商販直接捲舖蓋跑路一般。 6. mint／burn： NFT因為是token，所以使用了原本貨幣界的術語。mint當食物的時候指的是「薄荷」，但是在貨幣界中的意思是「鑄幣」，代表打造出一個NFT。burn則與mint相反，任何對原本NFT失去控制權的行為都可以用burn稱之。 7. floor price： floor是「地板」的意思，因此「地板價」指的就是一個NFT的「最低價位」。 NFT近期也浮現出許多有關著作權問題，雖然任何人都能發行NFT，但目前沒有方法可以確認著作權是否屬於發行NFT的人，因此產生不少產權爭議。但即便如此，這個市場依然在去年讓許多投資者賺飽荷包。在可見的未來中，或許會有更多的科技創新與金融投資機會，而對於勇氣與眼光兼具的投資者而言，將成為一個獲利的市場。 【多益模擬試題】 1. The Ganges Restaurant is notable _____ its Indian cuisines. (A) over (B) at (C) on (D) for 2. He was afraid of _____ fired after making that expensive mistake. (A) be (B) was (C) being (D) to be 【解析】 1. 正解為(D)。句意為「恆河餐廳以其印度佳餚聞名。」notable不論是解釋為知名或是惡名昭彰的形容詞，後方接的都是「成因」，因此會使用介系詞for來表示。故(D)為正確答案。 2. 正解為(C)。句意為「他在犯了那個昂貴的錯誤之後很怕被開除。」of後方要加上名詞，所以動詞需要以動名詞（Ving）的形態出現。故(C)為正確答案。 SOURCE: https://www.englishok.com.tw/toeic/toeic-issue/nft 文章由 English OK 授權使用: www.englishok.com.tw

By 李海碩

GO! ENGLISH 英語趴趴夠

Ricky and his classmate are at a movie theater. 瑞奇跟他同學在一間電影院。 必備單字 1. theater n. 戲院 （國中基礎1200字） 2. ticket n. 票券 （國中基礎1200字） 實用字詞 1. timetable n. 時刻表 2. booking fee n. 預訂費 閱讀技巧： 將長句分成短字詞，以利閱讀 Those/under 18／CANNOT watch／R-rated movies. 那些（人）／未滿十八歲／無法觀看／限制級電影。 斷句練習： If you choose to book ticket(s) online, there will be a 5% online booking fee. 解答： 動手做做看：將長句分成短字詞 If you choose to／book ticket(s)／online,／there will be/a 5%/online booking fee. 假如你選擇／訂票／線上，／將會有／百分之五的／線上預訂費用。 考題練習： TOEIC Bridge測驗 X 國中會考題型 1. Ricky booked two tickets to The Lost City on the Internet for him and his classmate. How much did he have to pay for himself? (A) NT$280. (B) NT$294. (C) NT$588. 2. Ricky is a ninth grader. Which of the following movies can’t he watch? (A) Avatar. (B) The Lost City. (C) Scream. 3. According to the timetable, which could be the most popular movie? (A) Avatar. (B) Scream. (C) Minions. 解答: 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 文章由 English OK 授權使用: www.englishok.com.tw

編 審:TOEIC Bridge測驗夥伴校

SPEAK UP: 59th Golden Horse Awards coming up (2/2) 金馬獎週末再次奔騰（二）

A: Who are the nominees for Best Leading Actor? B: The nominees are Louis Cheung, Lam Ka-tung, Anthony Wong, Joseph Chang and Yu An-shun. A: How about the Best Leading Actress category? B: The contestants include Tsai Hsuan-yen, Angela Yuen, Cya Liu, Sylvia Chang and Hong Hui-fang. A: Wow, it’s Chang’s 10th nomination for Best Leading Actress! I can’t wait to see her new film “A Light Never Goes Out.” A: 今年提名最佳男主角的有哪些？ B: 有張繼聰、林家棟、黃秋生、張孝全、游安順。 A: 最佳女主角呢？ B: 有蔡?晏、袁澧林、劉雅瑟、張艾嘉、洪慧芳。 A: 哇，這是影后張艾嘉第十次入圍女主角耶！我真等不及想要看她的新片《燈火闌珊》。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）

SPEAK UP: 59th Golden Horse Awards coming up (1/2) 金馬獎週末再次奔騰（一）

A: The 59th Golden Horse Awards ceremony is coming up this weekend. B: What are the nominees for Best Narrative Feature? A: The nominees are “Incantation,” “GAGA,” “Limbo,” “The Sunny Side of the Street” and “Coo-Coo 043.” B: Which of them do you recommend? A: The Hong Kong film “Limbo” has won the most nominations with 14 nods. GAGA, which tells the story of a Taiwanese indigenous family, is also excellent. A: 第59屆金馬獎頒獎典禮週末要登場了。 B: 今年提名最佳劇情片的電影有哪些啊？ A: 入圍的有︰《咒》、《哈勇家》、《智齒》、《白日青春》、《一家子兒咕咕叫》。 B: 你推薦哪一部？ A: 港片《智齒》入圍十四項，是今年大贏家！《哈勇家》則是原住民家庭的故事，也十分精彩唷。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）

ENGLISH DIGEST 實用英語

It’s delightful to get a relaxing night’s sleep on a bed with cool, fresh linens. Research into the science of sleep and hygiene recommends clean sheets because of the issues associated with dirty ones. Substances like dirt, sweat, body oils and dead skin cells can build up on our sheets. Breathing in these substances and exposing our skin to them contributes to allergies, asthma and skin irritation. Sweat and body oils can also make your sheets and blankets smell disgusting, especially in hot weather. Some substances that reduce sleep quality can’t even be seen with the naked eye. Dust mites are microscopic creatures that live in mattresses and other fabric-covered furniture in most households. They feed on dead human skin cells, so dirty sheets can help dust mites breed more quickly. Dust mites’ dead bodies and fecal matter can also bother people’s skin and cause allergies and asthma. Most people should wash or alternate their sheets and covers for pillows and blankets once a week. You may be able to extend this to every ten days or two weeks during cold winters. If pets live in your home and sleep on your bed, increase the frequency to three or four times a week. Likewise, if you have allergies or asthma, wash your sheets more often. Although it might seem excessive, it’s worth a try to see if this relieves your symptoms. When washing sheets, use the hottest water possible listed on the manufacturer’s label and gentle laundry soap. You may want to use the rinse cycle in the washing machine twice to get all the soap out. Use a tumble dryer or hang your sheets up to dry. Now that you know all about bed hygiene guidelines, you’ll be able to make your bed a pleasant, calm place to rest. 在套有清新涼爽的亞麻床單的床上、享受一夜輕鬆的睡眠是一件令人愉快的事。由於一些與不乾淨的床單有關的問題，針對睡眠以及衛生方面的研究建議我們使用乾淨的床單。

By 《空中美語》 編輯群

華語簡易通 EASY CHINESE FOR YOU

你去看醫生了嗎？ Have you seen the doctor already?

對話 Dialogues 小惠：你又打噴嚏又咳嗽，去看醫生了嗎？ 山本：沒去看。 小惠：你為什麼不去看醫生？ 山本：因為我很忙，沒時間去。 小惠：我想你去看看醫生比較好。 山本：好。我今天晚上一定去。 Xiaohui: You are sneezing and coughing again. Have you seen a doctor? Yamamoto: No, I haven’t. Xiaohui: Why didn’t you go to the doctor? Yamamoto: Because I’m too busy, I don’t have time to go. Xiaohui: I think it’d be better for you to see a doctor. Yamamoto: OK. I will go tonight.” 生詞表 Vocabulary 醫生 (yīshēng)) doctor(s) 沒 ((méi) not, have not, did not 為什麼 (wèishénme) why 時間 (shíjiān) time 比較 (bǐjiào) relatively / comparatively 教材音檔 Audio Files 本文內容及音檔來源:　華語簡易通 For more audio files, visit the center’s Web site at: http://mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/book/book-show-6.html 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心提供 Provided by NTNU Mandarin Training Center: http://www.mtc.ntnu.edu.tw/ COPYRIGHT c 2022 國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED