Dos & Don’ts — 想想看，這句話英語該怎麼說？
1. 學習滑雪應當循序漸進。
ˇ To learn to ski, one must go step by step.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
χ To learn to ski is step by step.
註：「循序漸進」是指學習滑雪的方式，錯句中以 step by step 等於 to learn to ski，顯然是不合邏輯的。Step by step 是慣用語，只能作副詞片語用。
2. 那騙徒害老王丟了工作，差點淪為乞丐。
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
ˇ The con man made Mr. Wang lose his job and reduced him almost to beggary.
ˇ The con man made Mr. Wang lose his job and almost become a beggar.
χ The con man made Mr. Wang lose his job and almost became a beggar.
註：主詞 The con man 並沒有變為乞丐，所以要變更第二個述語，或把 became 改為原形，承受使役動詞（causative verb）made 的結果，維持全句統一的主詞。
3. 她的心往下一沉，簡直站不住了。
ˇ Her heart sank and she could hardly remain standing.
χ Her heart sank and could hardly remain standing.
註：Her heart 可以做 sank 的主詞，但不能做 could hardly stand 的主詞，要在連接詞後面加主詞 she。
4. 蓋世太保把他關進牢獄，嚴刑拷打。
ˇ The Gestapo arrested him and tortured him cruelly.
ˇ The Gestapo put him in jail, where he was cruelly tortured.
χ The Gestapo arrested him and was cruelly tortured.
註：錯句中有兩個述語，第一個 arrested him 是主動語態；第二個 he was cruelly tortured 的主詞是 he；誤句中的被動語態，讀起來像 the Gestapo 遭到嚴刑拷打。
5. 我自行車修過了，可是還是不能騎。
ˇ I have had my bicycle repaired, but it is still unusable.
χ I have had my bicycle repaired, but still unusable.
註：錯句中 but 所連接的前一部分是子句，後一部分卻是片語，結構不完整，而且 still unusable 是指 my bicycle 而言。
Exercises
A. The teacher made the students rewrite the essay and __________ all the grammatical errors.
1. corrected 2. correcting
3. correct 4. corrects
B. The gangsters threatened the victim for money and __________.
1. were beaten severely 2. beat him severely
3. cruelly beaten 4. were beating by them
Answers: A. 3 B. 2
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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