Air France and Airbus SE faced the start of a nine-week manslaughter trial yesterday, 13 years after an A330 jet plunged into the Atlantic Ocean killing all 228 people on board.
Flight 447 vanished in pitch darkness during an equatorial storm en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris on June 1, 2009.
After a two-year search for black boxes using remote submarines, investigators determined that the pilots had mishandled the loss of data from iced-up sensors and pushed the 205-tonne jet into a freefall, without responding to repeated “stall” alerts.
Photo: Brazilian Navy via AFP
However, the French Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety also revealed earlier discussions between Air France and Airbus about the reliability of the probes, and said the airline had begun swapping to an improved version just six days before its worst ever disaster.
Experts said that the relative roles of pilot or sensor error are to be key factors in the historic trial.
It is the first time French companies face trial for “involuntary manslaughter” following an air crash. Victims’ families have said that individual managers should also be on trial.
The maximum fine for either company, if convicted, is just 225,000 euros (US$218,263). Undisclosed larger sums have also been made in compensation and out-of-court civil settlements.
Relatives of those who died, who were mainly French, Brazilian or German, have called for “impartial justice” after campaigning to overturn an earlier decision to shelve a trial.
The trial is expected to expose differences between Air France and Airbus over causes of the crash, with the planemaker blaming pilot error and the airline pointing to confusing displays and alarms.
The tragedy sparked a rethink about airline training and technology, and is seen as one of a handful of accidents that changed aviation, including improvements in handling lost control.
Central to the trial is the mystery of why the crew of three, with more than 20,000 hours of flying experience between them, failed to understand that the A330 had lost lift or “stalled.”
That required the basic maneuver of pushing the nose down instead of yanking it up as they did during much of the fatal four-minute plunge, creating even more error messages that fed off each other as the plane hurtled towards the Atlantic.
The French safety bureau’s report said the pilots responded inappropriately to the icing problem, but also did not have the training needed to fly manually at high altitudes after the autopilot dropped out.
It also singled out erratic readings of a cockpit display called the flight director, which has since been redesigned to switch itself off in such events to avoid distraction.
The trial is scheduled to run until Dec. 8 at the Paris Criminal Court.
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