Mon, Jul 03, 2017 page9

• USING IDIOMS 活用成語

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  Chinese Practice

  畫蛇添足

  (hua4 she2 tian1 zu2)

  

  Ilya Repin, Portrait of Lydia Kuznetsova, part, oil on canvas, 1901, private collection. 伊利亞‧列賓，〈莉迪亞‧庫茲涅佐娃肖像〉局部，畫布油畫，一九○一年，私人收藏。

  Photo: Wikimedia Commons
  照片：維基共享資源

  drawing legs on a snake

  英文片語「to gild the lily」（替百合花鍍金）源自英國文豪莎士比亞的劇作《約翰王》。此片語現今的用法，實出於原文的錯誤引用。

  將某物鍍金指的是在其表面覆上一層薄薄的金子或金箔，使之賞心悅目。鍍金在鐵製胸針或木碗上確有其道理。但如果是鍍金在一件本來就已經很美的東西上，就很奇怪了，例如鍍金在百合花上。此片語所隱喻的意義是指為了使已很吸引人的事物更加吸引人的多餘的、不必要的努力。但其實莎翁並未寫過「to gild the lily」這句話，他實際上寫的是《約翰王》劇中主人公索斯伯里伯爵說的話：「鍍上純金、畫在百合上、在紫羅蘭上噴香水、把冰弄光滑、或在彩虹上加上另一個顏色……是浪費和荒謬的過量。」

  因此我們可知，那流傳下來的被錯誤引用的片語，是把第一句的第一個詞「鍍」拼裝到下一句的第二個詞「百合」。正確的引用應是「畫在百合上」，且的確曾有人引用過，但如今卻是很少聽到了。

  成語「畫蛇添足」跟「to gild the lily」的語意有異曲同工之妙。此語出自《戰國策．齊策二》中一個故事，描述有位官員賞了壺酒給辦事的手下喝，但人多酒少不夠分配，眾人便議定以畫蛇比賽來決定，看誰最快在地上畫好蛇，便能贏得那壺酒。有個人最先把蛇畫好了，得意之餘，再多添了幾隻腳，炫耀時間仍有餘裕。但這時另有人也把蛇畫好了，便將酒一把搶走，說你畫的根本不是蛇，因為蛇並沒有腳。此成語引申有多此一舉、弄巧成拙之意。（台北時報編譯林俐凱譯）

  做到這裡見好就收，不要畫蛇添足，以免反而壞了事。

  (Stop there, there’s no need to gild the lily. You’ll spoil it.)

  為了贊助商的要求硬扯上這個產品，這對原本合理的劇情來說真是畫蛇添足。

  (Doing this product placement to fulfil the sponsor’s demands spoils what was originally a perfectly reasonable script.)

  英文練習

  To gild the lily

  The phrase “to gild the lily” owes its origin to William Shakespeare’s play King John. In its present form, however, it is the result of a misquotation of the original text.

  To gild something is to cover it with a thin layer of gold or gold leaf to render it more pleasing to the eye. It would make sense to gild an iron brooch, for example, or a wooden bowl. It does seem odd to gild something already beautiful in its natural state, such as the lily.

  Herein lies the metaphorical meaning of the phrase, that is, the superfluousness of the attempt to make attractive that which is already so. It’s just that Shakespeare never actually wrote it. Instead, he has his protagonist, the Earl of Salisbury, say, “To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, to throw a perfume on the violet, to smooth the ice, or add another hue unto the rainbow… is wasteful and ridiculous excess.”

  In other words, the phrase as it has been passed down to us erroneously joins the first part of one idea to the second of the next. The correct version, “to paint the lily,” an actual quote from the play, was indeed once used. Today, it is rarely heard.

  The Chinese idiom 畫蛇添足 is actually very similar in meaning to “gild the lily.” It comes from a story that can be found in the Strategies of the Qi State chapter of the Strategems of the Warring States. This story relates how an official rewarded workers with a pitcher of wine. The workers, concerned that there was not enough wine to go around, decided to have a contest to see who could draw a snake the fastest, the winner getting to keep the whole pitcher. One person drew a snake very quickly, but then started to get carried away, and added legs. While he was doing this, another person had finished his snake, and claimed the prize. “What you drew there,” he said, “was no snake. Snakes don’t have legs.”

  The idiom has come to refer to the danger of trying to be too clever.

  (Paul Cooper, Taipei Times)

  Lose the hat. Your outfit is perfect as it is. Why gild the lily?

  (把帽子脫掉吧。你這身打扮已經很完美了，何必再多此一舉？)

  That sentence is already quite powerful. Adding that extra example would just be gilding the lily.

  (這個句子已經很有力了。再加上其他例子只會是畫蛇添足。)
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