Fri, Mar 15, 2019 page13

• Highways and Byways: Exploring Kuantien’s gas fields

  In addition to a number of gas wells, this area in central Tainan also has an ecological park and a district known for its good fengshui

  • By Steven Crook / Contributing reporter
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  It would have made for a fairy-tale presidency. Local boy wins election to the highest office in the land — and then it’s discovered that the town where he grew up in poverty is sitting on a hugely valuable natural gas field.

  It didn’t quite happen like that, of course. Former president Chen Shui-bian (陳水扁) was born in 1950 in what’s now Kuantien District (官田), smack in the middle of Tainan. He isn’t, to put it mildly, the most revered ex-politician in Taiwan. It’s been many years since tourists queued to see his childhood home in the village of Sijhuang (西庄), a few hundred meters north of the Zengwen River (曾文溪). Nor has Kuantien become Taiwan’s Qatar.

  In June 2004 — a few months after Chen narrowly won a second term in office — media reports said that the Kuantien gas field contained an estimated 400 million cubic meters of reserves valued at NT$2.5 billion. The following year, however, the numbers were scaled back to 150 million cubic meters worth NT$1 billion. Then, in December 2012, a report on the Liberty Times (the Taipei Times’ sister newspaper) Web site pointed out that the 86 million cubic meters of natural gas which the authorities hoped to extract from the only productive site in the area, Kuantien No. 4 Well (官田4號井), would be enough to meet Taiwan’s gas needs for just three days.

  

  The roof at Longhuyan Temple has lost much of its ceramic-applique decoration.

  Photo: Steven Crook

  Gas-extraction infrastructure is visible to anyone traveling by train between Tainan and Chiayi. Kuantien No. 2 Well (官田2號井) is just inland of Longtian Railway Station (隆田車站), and best approached via Taiwan Highway 1. Arriving by bicycle, I found the intersection of Highway 1 and Highway 165, then took the little farmers’ road opposite. It heads west, straight toward the railroad, and after 100m or so, I saw the gas well on my left.

  Unlike the four or five places in southern Taiwan where natural gas seeps out of the ground and burns throughout the year, this isn’t a conventional tourist attraction. A sturdy fence stops outsiders from getting too close to the red, yellow and silver equipment that caps and monitors the well. The entire area within the perimeter has been covered with gravel, like a Zen garden that’s never raked. There are no trees or bushes; whenever grass tries to establish a foothold, the upkeep crew responds with herbicide. The site looks perfectly maintained — for reasons of safety, no doubt, but also in case a technological advance makes extraction financially worthwhile.

  Signs on the fence tell people entry is forbidden, and that smoking isn’t allowed. The latter is charmingly old-fashioned: A red line through the kind of tobacco pipe my grandfather smoked, and which I don’t think I’ve ever seen in Taiwan.

  

  he facade of the oldest part of Longhuyan Temple is intricate but showing its age.

  Photo: Steven Crook

  Another place of interest is located less than 1km southwest of Kuantien No. 2 Well. The Pheasant-Tailed Jacana Ecological Education Zone (水雉生態教育園區) was created in the late 1990s after environmental groups protested that the high-speed railway would run through wetlands at Hulupi (葫蘆埤), a key breeding location for the Pheasant-tailed jacana.

  This wader species isn’t globally endangered, but the population in Taiwan dwindled to a few hundred because many of its habitats were drained and developed. Conservation efforts seem to have reversed the bird’s decline, but pedaling through the countryside here, I saw plenty of evidence of another ecological problem.

  Around the edges of the water-chestnut ponds for which Kuantien is famous, I saw clusters of tiny pink eggs. Rice fields left fallow and drained were littered with hundreds of snail shells. Once the golden apple snail (known in Mandarin as fushouluo, 福壽螺) establishes itself, it’s almost impossible to eradicate. Baby snails usually feed on young rice plants, while adult gastropods are notorious for chewing ready-to-harvest taros.

  

  Gas was discovered at Kuantien Well No. 2, but not in quantities that made extraction economically viable.

  Photo: Steven Crook

  These snails aren’t native to Taiwan. More than 30 years ago, they were intentionally introduced from Latin America by entrepreneurs who hoped to develop an export trade. Unfortunately, their meat, while nutritious, is far from delicious. Even those Taiwanese who collect and eat wild snails leave golden apple snails alone.

  My next stop was a place in neighboring Liujia District (六甲區) that, thanks to a confluence of water and topography, is believed to have excellent fengshui. Surrounded on three sides by a pond, Chishan Longhuyan Temple (赤山龍湖巖) is said to have been founded by Chen Yung-hua (陳永華), a key figure in the 17th century Ming-Koxinga, also known as Cheng Cheng-kung (鄭成功), period, just prior to the Ching Empire’s annexation of Taiwan.

  According to one legend, in 1665 Chen was encamped at this spot with some soldiers. When he awoke, he heard drums and bells, and thought there must be a temple nearby. But there wasn’t — and he interpreted his auditory hallucination as a sign he should dedicate this place to Buddhism.

  

  A Pheasant-tailed jacana cares for its young in the wetlands of Tainan’s Kuantien.

  Photo: Yang Chin-cheng, Taipei Times

  The shrine has been rebuilt and expanded several times over the centuries, but if you go through the front building you’ll come to one part that obviously hasn’t been renovated for a very long time. In Taiwan, where a great many places of worship have been made over so thoroughly they’ve lost a good part of their charm and individuality — the “no two are different” phenomenon — it’s startling to see a roof which has lost so much of its ceramic applique (剪黏) decoration.

  The sculptures retain their shapes, but are largely bereft of the tiny shards of porcelain that give temple roofs their colorful intricacy. The effect is almost monochromatic, a little drab, and yet still appealing. The dragons and qilins made me think of stray dogs which have lost their fur.

  There are artisans in Taiwan who specialize in ceramic applique, so perhaps the issue is money. You can be sure, however, that if it had turned out that this part of Taiwan is floating on natural gas, the roof would’ve been repaired by now.

  

  A golden apple snail just below the surface of the water in a Kuantien rice field.

  Photo: Steven Crook

  Steven Crook has been writing about travel, culture, and business in Taiwan since 1996. Having recently co-authored A Culinary History of Taipei: Beyond Pork and Ponlai, he is now updating Taiwan: The Bradt Travel Guide.

  

  At Longhuyan Temple, many of the roof sculptures now lack the ceramic-applique embellishments that gave them their color.

  Photo: Steven Crook
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