In the Kenyan slum of Kibera these days, the ancient cadences of the Muslim call to prayer compete with election propaganda blaring from loudspeakers.
With opposition candidate Raila Odinga holding onto a razor-thin lead over incumbent Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki, every pollster describes tomorrow's race as too close to call. It's a rare tight race on a continent where sitting presidents are usually re-elected, and in a country where an incumbent has never before faced a credible challenge.
Kenya's 3.5 million Muslims -- out of a population of 34 million -- may be the deciding factor.
PHOTO: AFP
"It's the first time that religious issues have played such a prominent part in national politics," said Karuti Kanyinga, a political scientist at the University of Nairobi's Institute for Development Studies. "Because the race is so close, candidates are looking for any issue that may pull voters over to their side."
And so, a campaign that has featured promises to clean up Kenya's notoriously corrupt government, thinly veiled appeals to tribal loyalties -- crowds of people supporting the rival candidates shouted tribal epithets and threw rocks at each other during rallies on Monday, prompting police to fire tear gas -- and bouts of violence have also focused to an unusual degree on Muslim grievances.
There are perceptions among Muslims they are being targeted in a war on terror in which Kibaki has allowed terror suspects to be deported from Kenya and sent to neighboring Ethiopia for questioning, in some cases by US agents. There are also concerns about delays in granting mainly Muslim ethnic minorities national identity cards, without which they cannot work, vote or own land and the constant poverty in the slums and along Kenya's coastline, where many residents are Muslim.
When Odinga signed an agreement in August with one leading Muslim forum promising to end the deportations and launch an inquiry into the issue, it dominated headlines for days.
Kibaki, who has said little about the deportations, responded in October by setting up a committee dedicated to looking at Muslim grievances, including the deportations.
An investigation by The Associated Press earlier this year confirmed some terror suspects were being deported to Ethiopia for questioning. Human rights activists have criticized the Ethiopian government's human rights record.
Saidi Osman of the National Muslim Leaders Forum said that before Kibaki "no president in Kenya or Africa had removed citizens of his country to another country without due process."
After widely publicized protests over the deportations, "Muslims in Kenya have decided to punish Kibaki and vote him out," Osman said.
Sheik Mohamed Dor, secretary-general of the Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya, has taken the lead in organizing Muslim voters and demanded that candidates address the community's concerns.
"For the last 40 years Muslims did not take the issue of voting seriously. But the trend is changing now," Dor said.
He established the council in 1997 as a religious group and to educate people on their rights and the importance of voting.
In Kibera, a key battleground and Odinga's home constituency, the Nubian community is less worried about deportations than government delays in processing their identity cards and land titles.
Many members of the 200,000 Nubian community are descended from Muslim Sudanese soldiers who served in the British colonial army. Despite being entitled to citizenship because their families have lived in Kenya for generations, many still lack identity documents that would allow them to vote or own land.
The government insists that progress is being made, pointing to attempts to streamline the process of identification cards.
But for Kenyan Muslims without documents, the arguments make little impact.
"The government should know that it is not doing favors for minorities when giving them IDs, birth certificates and passports," said Al-Amin Kimathi of the Muslim Human Rights Forum. "It is their rights."
Archeologists in Peru on Thursday said they found the 5,000-year-old remains of a noblewoman at the sacred city of Caral, revealing the important role played by women in the oldest center of civilization in the Americas. “What has been discovered corresponds to a woman who apparently had elevated status, an elite woman,” archeologist David Palomino said. The mummy was found in Aspero, a sacred site within the city of Caral that was a garbage dump for more than 30 years until becoming an archeological site in the 1990s. Palomino said the carefully preserved remains, dating to 3,000BC, contained skin, part of the
‘WATER WARFARE’: A Pakistani official called India’s suspension of a 65-year-old treaty on the sharing of waters from the Indus River ‘a cowardly, illegal move’ Pakistan yesterday canceled visas for Indian nationals, closed its airspace for all Indian-owned or operated airlines, and suspended all trade with India, including to and from any third country. The retaliatory measures follow India’s decision to suspend visas for Pakistani nationals in the aftermath of a deadly attack by shooters in Kashmir that killed 26 people, mostly tourists. The rare attack on civilians shocked and outraged India and prompted calls for action against their country’s archenemy, Pakistan. New Delhi did not publicly produce evidence connecting the attack to its neighbor, but said it had “cross-border” links to Pakistan. Pakistan denied any connection to
TRUMP EFFECT: The win capped one of the most dramatic turnarounds in Canadian political history after the Conservatives had led the Liberals by more than 20 points Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney yesterday pledged to win US President Donald Trump’s trade war after winning Canada’s election and leading his Liberal Party to another term in power. Following a campaign dominated by Trump’s tariffs and annexation threats, Carney promised to chart “a new path forward” in a world “fundamentally changed” by a US that is newly hostile to free trade. “We are over the shock of the American betrayal, but we should never forget the lessons,” said Carney, who led the central banks of Canada and the UK before entering politics earlier this year. “We will win this trade war and
Armed with 4,000 eggs and a truckload of sugar and cream, French pastry chefs on Wednesday completed a 121.8m-long strawberry cake that they have claimed is the world’s longest ever made. Youssef El Gatou brought together 20 chefs to make the 1.2 tonne masterpiece that took a week to complete and was set out on tables in an ice rink in the Paris suburb town of Argenteuil for residents to inspect. The effort overtook a 100.48m-long strawberry cake made in the Italian town of San Mauro Torinese in 2019. El Gatou’s cake also used 350kg of strawberries, 150kg of sugar and 415kg of