In the Kenyan slum of Kibera these days, the ancient cadences of the Muslim call to prayer compete with election propaganda blaring from loudspeakers.
With opposition candidate Raila Odinga holding onto a razor-thin lead over incumbent Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki, every pollster describes tomorrow's race as too close to call. It's a rare tight race on a continent where sitting presidents are usually re-elected, and in a country where an incumbent has never before faced a credible challenge.
Kenya's 3.5 million Muslims -- out of a population of 34 million -- may be the deciding factor.
PHOTO: AFP
"It's the first time that religious issues have played such a prominent part in national politics," said Karuti Kanyinga, a political scientist at the University of Nairobi's Institute for Development Studies. "Because the race is so close, candidates are looking for any issue that may pull voters over to their side."
And so, a campaign that has featured promises to clean up Kenya's notoriously corrupt government, thinly veiled appeals to tribal loyalties -- crowds of people supporting the rival candidates shouted tribal epithets and threw rocks at each other during rallies on Monday, prompting police to fire tear gas -- and bouts of violence have also focused to an unusual degree on Muslim grievances.
There are perceptions among Muslims they are being targeted in a war on terror in which Kibaki has allowed terror suspects to be deported from Kenya and sent to neighboring Ethiopia for questioning, in some cases by US agents. There are also concerns about delays in granting mainly Muslim ethnic minorities national identity cards, without which they cannot work, vote or own land and the constant poverty in the slums and along Kenya's coastline, where many residents are Muslim.
When Odinga signed an agreement in August with one leading Muslim forum promising to end the deportations and launch an inquiry into the issue, it dominated headlines for days.
Kibaki, who has said little about the deportations, responded in October by setting up a committee dedicated to looking at Muslim grievances, including the deportations.
An investigation by The Associated Press earlier this year confirmed some terror suspects were being deported to Ethiopia for questioning. Human rights activists have criticized the Ethiopian government's human rights record.
Saidi Osman of the National Muslim Leaders Forum said that before Kibaki "no president in Kenya or Africa had removed citizens of his country to another country without due process."
After widely publicized protests over the deportations, "Muslims in Kenya have decided to punish Kibaki and vote him out," Osman said.
Sheik Mohamed Dor, secretary-general of the Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya, has taken the lead in organizing Muslim voters and demanded that candidates address the community's concerns.
"For the last 40 years Muslims did not take the issue of voting seriously. But the trend is changing now," Dor said.
He established the council in 1997 as a religious group and to educate people on their rights and the importance of voting.
In Kibera, a key battleground and Odinga's home constituency, the Nubian community is less worried about deportations than government delays in processing their identity cards and land titles.
Many members of the 200,000 Nubian community are descended from Muslim Sudanese soldiers who served in the British colonial army. Despite being entitled to citizenship because their families have lived in Kenya for generations, many still lack identity documents that would allow them to vote or own land.
The government insists that progress is being made, pointing to attempts to streamline the process of identification cards.
But for Kenyan Muslims without documents, the arguments make little impact.
"The government should know that it is not doing favors for minorities when giving them IDs, birth certificates and passports," said Al-Amin Kimathi of the Muslim Human Rights Forum. "It is their rights."
Polish presidential candidates offered different visions of Poland and its relations with Ukraine in a televised debate ahead of next week’s run-off, which remains on a knife-edge. During a head-to-head debate lasting two hours, centrist Warsaw Mayor Rafal Trzaskowski, from Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s governing pro-European coalition, faced the Eurosceptic historian Karol Nawrocki, backed by the right-wing populist Law and Justice party (PiS). The two candidates, who qualified for the second round after coming in the top two places in the first vote on Sunday last week, clashed over Poland’s relations with Ukraine, EU policy and the track records of their
Four people jailed in the landmark Hong Kong national security trial of "47 democrats" accused of conspiracy to commit subversion were freed today after more than four years behind bars, the second group to be released in a month. Among those freed was long-time political and LGBTQ activist Jimmy Sham (岑子杰), who also led one of Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy groups, the Civil Human Rights Front, which disbanded in 2021. "Let me spend some time with my family," Sham said after arriving at his home in the Kowloon district of Jordan. "I don’t know how to plan ahead because, to me, it feels
‘A THREAT’: Guyanese President Irfan Ali called on Venezuela to follow international court rulings over the region, whose border Guyana says was ratified back in 1899 Misael Zapara said he would vote in Venezuela’s first elections yesterday for the territory of Essequibo, despite living more than 100km away from the oil-rich Guyana-administered region. Both countries lay claim to Essequibo, which makes up two-thirds of Guyana’s territory and is home to 125,000 of its 800,000 citizens. Guyana has administered the region for decades. The centuries-old dispute has intensified since ExxonMobil discovered massive offshore oil deposits a decade ago, giving Guyana the largest crude oil reserves per capita in the world. Venezuela would elect a governor, eight National Assembly deputies and regional councilors in a newly created constituency for the 160,000
North Korea has detained another official over last week’s failed launch of a warship, which damaged the naval destroyer, state media reported yesterday. Pyongyang announced “a serious accident” at Wednesday last week’s launch ceremony, which crushed sections of the bottom of the new destroyer. North Korean leader Kim Jong-un called the mishap a “criminal act caused by absolute carelessness.” Ri Hyong-son, vice department director of the Munitions Industry Department of the Party Central Committee, was summoned and detained on Sunday, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reported. He was “greatly responsible for the occurrence of the serious accident,” it said. Ri is the fourth person