Sat, Apr 23, 2005 page8

• East Asia splitting into two camps

  • By Richard Halloran
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  The line in the water that divides East Asia into rival alliances has been widened and deepened in the last few weeks, largely due to the eruption of anti-Japanese emotions in China and anti-American outbursts in South Korea.

  This line runs from the sea between Japan and Korea south through the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait into the South China Sea. To the east are the US, Japan, and Taiwan, which are allied by treaty or political commitment. To the west are China, North Korea and South Korea, with China seeking to turn the two Koreas into vassals like their ancient kingdom many centuries ago.

  The fundamental issue is which alliance will prevail in East Asia: the autocratic coalition led by China that seeks to drive the US from the region or the democratic grouping led by the US that seeks a stable balance of political and military power in which trade and economic development flourishes. James Lilley, who has been US ambassador in both Beijing and Seoul, wrote recently: "Japan and China have been at each others' throats for centuries over who dominates the Western Pacific, and particularly Taiwan and Korea." He added: "On sea, land and in the commercial arena, the two countries have used everything from piracy and intrigue to coups to advance their own ends."

  The critical question today is whether the current confrontation will lead to hostilities. Another US diplomat doesn't think so: "It doesn't make any sense," he says. "There is no rational reason for such a war." Many wars, however, have been started by irrational emotions that led to miscalculation. That is the danger for every nation involved in this dispute.

  At the moment, Beijing and its allies in Pyongyang, who have long spewed venom at Japan and the US, and Seoul, which seems on the verge of dissolving its security ties with the US in favor of sliding into an orbit around China, appear to have the upper hand.

  The reasons:

  The US, under the Bush Administration, is preoccupied with the war in Iraq, rebuilding Afghanistan, pacifying the Middle East and the campaign against terror. In Asia, Bush officials have focused on North Korea's ambitions to acquire nuclear arms and agreed on "common strategic objectives" with Japan, but have failed to forge a comprehensive policy on China.

  In Japan, Foreign Minister Nobutaka Machimura has demanded an apology from China for permitting vandals to rampage against the Japanese embassy in Beijing and to attack Japanese citizens and businesses in several Chinese cities. China has flatly refused to apologize. Beyond that, however, Japan has not responded to China's demand that Tokyo apologize for its invasion of China during World War II. Japanese officials say various prime ministers have apologized 17 or 18 times-but have compiled no public record for it. Nor has Tokyo demanded credit for lending China US$30 billion to build the infrastructure that has attracted foreign investment.

  The government in Taiwan, which counts on the US and Japan to help defend it against Chinese threats, has lagged in helping itself. A multibillion dollar arms purchase offered by the US has been held up in the legislature for several years and military conscription has been cut to 18 months from 22 months.

  In addition, the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) has undercut President Chen Shui-bian (陳水扁), who favors Taiwan's continued separation and de facto independence from China, by looking for an accommodation with Beijing. China claims that Taiwan is part of China.

  The coalition led by China is not free of problems. A sampling of the Western press shows a backlash generated by China's belligerence. The Times of London editorialized: "China has exploited and exacerbated historic bitterness ... to divert attention from domestic tensions over economic disparities, unemployment, corruption, and political restrictions."

  In South Korea, President Roh Moo-hyun has said that his nation could defend itself, suggesting that his nation no longer needed US forces there. He has proposed that South Korea be the "balancer of Northeast Asia," between China, Japan, Russia and the US.

  Not all South Koreans agree. The leader of the opposition party, Park Geun-hye, asserted that Roh should "realize that it would be extremely difficult to restore the close relationship with the United States once the damage has been done." She contended that "slackening the alliance with the United States will only create diplomatic isolation and harm the nation."

  Altogether, however, the Chinese alliance will continue to overshadow the US-Japan-Taiwan coalition unless Washington, Tokyo, and Taipei get their act together.

  Richard Halloran is a writer base in Hawaii.
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