Scientists have discovered what is thought to be the oldest known mummies in the world in Southeast Asia dating back up to 12,000 years.
Mummification prevents decay by preserving dead bodies. The process can happen naturally in places such as the sands of Chile’s Atacama Desert or the bogs of Ireland, where conditions can fend off decomposition. Humans across various cultures also mummified their ancestors through embalming to honor them or send their souls to the afterlife.
Egypt’s mummies might be the most well-known, but until now some of the oldest mummies were prepared by a fishing people called the Chinchorro about 7,000 years ago in what is now Peru and Chile.
Photo: Hirofumi Matsumura via AP
A new study published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences pushes that timeline back.
Researchers found human remains that were buried in crouched or squatted positions with some cuts and burn marks in various archeological sites across China and Vietnam, and to a lesser extent, from the Philippines, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Studying the bones further, scientists discovered the bodies were likely exposed to heat. That suggested the bodies had been smoke-dried over a fire and mummified by hunter-gatherer communities in the area.
The practice “allowed people to sustain physical and spiritual connections with their ancestors, bridging time and memory,” study author Hirofumi Matsumura of Sapporo Medical University in Japan said in an e-mail.
Dating methods used on the mummies could have been more robust and it is not yet clear that mummies were consistently smoke-dried across all these locations in southeastern Asia, said human evolution expert Rita Peyroteo Stjerna of Uppsala University in Sweden, who was not involved with the research.
The findings offer “an important contribution to the study of prehistoric funerary practices,” she said in an e-mail.
Mummies are far from a thing of the past. Even today, indigenous communities in Australia and Papua New Guinea smoke-dry and mummify their dead, scientists said.
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