Fri, Jun 12, 2026 page2

• Researchers discover large extinct bird endemic to Taiwan

  • By Rachel Lin and Sam Garcia / Staff reporter, with staff writer
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  Through analyzing fossil evidence, a research team at National Taiwan University (NTU) discovered the largest endemic bird to have lived in Taiwan, naming it Pavo miejue, or extinct peafowl (滅絕孔雀).

  The Mikado pheasant, which is printed on the back of the NT$1,000 bank note, was previously believed to be the biggest endemic bird to Taiwan.

  The research team’s findings suggest that Pavo miejue lived during the Pleistocene epoch tens of thousands of years ago.

  

  A simplified phylogeny shows the relationship of known galliform birds from Taiwan, with red denoting the extinct Pavo miejue, and extant endemic species to Taiwan in blue.

  Photo courtesy of Sun Cheng-han

  It is the first endemic extinct bird species discovered and formally named in Taiwan.

  The study was coauthored by NTU Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology professor Tsai Cheng-hsiu (蔡政修), NTU life sciences student Lan Yong-jie (藍詠傑) and Senckenberg Natural History Museum academic Gerald Mayr.

  It was published in the British journal Royal Society Open Science on May 20.

  

  The outline of the left humerus of Pavo miejue, left, is pictured next to those of extant peafowls.

  Photo courtesy of National Taiwan University

  Taiwan “harbors a high avian diversity with nearly 700 recorded species, including 32 endemic ones,” the study said.

  However, compared with mammals and reptiles, the fossil record of birds in Taiwan is limited, leaving gaps in understanding their evolutionary history, it said.

  Tsai and Mayr published the first study on bird fossils in Taiwan in 2021, it said, adding that this discovery sheds further light on the ancient world of birds in Taiwan.

  

  The front and back of a NT$1,000 bill is pictured today.

  Photo: Rachel Lin, Taipei Times

  The key clue came from a humerus fossil donated by retired professor Hou Li-ren (侯立仁) from Tainan, the researchers said.

  Through detailed morphological comparisons with living peafowl and other birds in the pheasant family, they confirmed that the fossil belonged to a large, extinct species of peafowl.

  As it did not match any known species, they established it as a new species and named it Pavo miejue, with Pavo referring to the peafowl genus and miejue derived from the Chinese word for extinct (滅絕).

  The name is intended to raise public awareness of extinction and highlight the ecological changes that have occurred in Taiwan over time, the team said.

  This discovery shows that Taiwan’s past ecosystems were far richer than what can be seen today, Tsai said.

  While people are familiar with Taiwan’s existing endemic birds, this fossil evidence indicates that the nation was once home to even larger endemic birds, he said, adding that if only living species are considered, it would not be possible to fully understand the evolutionary history of Taiwan’s biodiversity.

  Fossils are not only clues to ancient life, but also help scientists understand how species evolve, migrate and go extinct, the researchers said.

  By studying past extinction events, researchers can gain a long-term perspective and better understand how ecosystems respond to environmental change, they added.

  The discovery of Pavo miejue shows that Taiwan still holds many paleontological mysteries, they said, adding that more fossil research is needed to piece together a complete picture of Taiwan’s ancient ecosystems.
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