1. 展出的是幾幅張大千的名畫。
ˇ There are some masterpieces painted by Chang Dai-chien on exhibition.
χ There are some masterpieces painting by Chang Dai-chien on exhibition.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片：AdobeStock
註：現在分詞 painting 表明主動的或未完成的動作，這裏必須用過去分詞。現代英語裡，正句裡的 painted 一字，往往略去。若將 painting 視為名詞，則應加s — paintings.
2. 書前面有簡短的序言。
ˇ There is a short foreword preceding the book.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片：AdobeStock
χ There is a short foreword preceded the book.
註：precede 作「在……之前」解。a short foreword 是放在述詞後的主詞，應用現在分詞 preceding 表明主動的動作，句義與 There is a short foreword which precedes the book. 相同。
3. 你知道昨天發生的事故有誰在裡面嗎？
ˇ Do you know anyone who was in the accident that happened yesterday?
χ Do you know anyone who was in the accident happened yesterday?
註：錯句中的 happened 是過去分詞，一般過去分詞形式有被動的意義，但 happen 是不及物動詞，不能用作被動形式。若用現在分詞 happening 則表示未完成的動作，與中文原意不合。
請參考下列例句：
我上個月發表的有關創造力的文章，你讀過沒？
ˇ Have you read my article about creativity that appeared in last month’s journal?
χ Have you read my article about creativity appearing in last month’s journal?
χ Have you read my article about creativity appeared in last month’s journal?
4. 這突如其來的消息令人覺得有趣。
ˇ This sudden news is really interesting.
χ This sudden news is really interested.
註：現在分詞 interesting 意思是「令人感興趣的」，interested 則是某人「對某事感興趣」。另比較以下例句：
This book is interesting.
I’m interested in reading the book.
5. 他突然失蹤令人擔憂。
ˇ His sudden disappearance is alarming.
χ His sudden disappearance is alarmed.
註：上例中的過去分詞都有被動含義，但句子中需要的是主動引起別人某種情感的詞語，應用現在分詞。
屬於相同性質容易被誤用的有 disgusting, disgusted; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused; confusing, confused; astonishing, astonished; astounding, astounded; disappointing, disappointed; discouraging, discouraged 等。
Exercises
A. 綜合各種因素來看，我認為這並非不可能。
All things __________ , I think it is not impossible.
1. consider 2. considered 3. considering 4. to consider
B. 他的演講很無趣，令我們感到無聊。
His speech was dull, and we were __________ by it.
1. boring 2. bore 3. bored 4. born
Answers:
A. 2 B. 3
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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