WEEK 30: 詞法—代名詞
1. 這地方他上個月參觀過。
ˇ This is the place that he visited last month.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
χ This is the place where he visited last month.
註︰ where 往往用來引導從屬句，修飾主句中表示地方的名詞，但不能機械地搬用，還應視具體情況而定。這裏從屬句中的動詞 visited 是及物動詞，就必須用關係代名詞 that 來連接兩個子句，並作 visited 的受詞，意即 visited the place。試與下列句子比較：This is the place where (/in which) he once lived.。
2. 把錢留在你發現的地方。
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
ˇ Leave the money where you found it.
ˇ Leave the money at the place where you found it.
χ Leave the money at where you found it.
註︰ where you found it 可當副詞子句或形容詞子句。當副詞子句用時不能有介詞在其前。當形容詞子句用時則是修飾其前的名詞 the place。名詞 the place 之前應有介詞以構成一個表地方的介詞片語。
3. 這是我要講的話。（我講完了。）
ˇ This is what I want to say.
ˇ That’s all I wanted to say.
χ This is all what I want to say.
註：正句一用於講話之前或之後，正句二用在結束講話時。關係代名詞 what = that which, any which, those which，有雙重作用。這裏 what 既起連接兩個子句的作用，而本身又是從屬句中的受詞，所以 all 是多餘的，若要保留 all，則應省略關係代名詞 what。從語意上看，what 子句本身已隱含有「所」及「所有」的意思，所以 all what 中的 all 是多餘的。
4. 他們正在交談。
ˇ They are talking to/with each other.
χ They are talking each other.
註：each other 是複合代名詞，不是副詞，其用法舉例如下：
Do they know each other?
They changed places with each other.
They asked each other many questions.
注意：1. each other 和 one another 在現代英語裏用法相同，沒有區別；
2. each other 不可用作主詞。
5. 他咳嗽得很厲害，所以沒有來。
ˇ He had a bad cough. That’s why he didn’t come.
ˇ He has a bad cough. That is why he can’t come.
χ He had a bad cough. It/This is why he didn’t come.
註：指前面講到或感覺上比較遠的事物，通常用 that/those；指下面將要講到或感覺上比較貼近的事物，通常用 this/these。例如：
That’s all.
What I’d say is this: What’s done is done.
Exercises
A. 這是我所要講的話。
This is __________ I want to say.
1. that 2. all what 3. what
B. 他們互換位子。
They changed places _____________.
1. each other
2. one another
3. with each other
Answers:
A. 3 B. 3
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www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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