Biologist Cesar Garzon was searching for a small, endangered parakeet in southern Ecuador when he was warned he may be kidnapped, highlighting the danger for scientists in the biodiverse country engulfed in narco-violence.
“Do your work somewhere else because it is dangerous here,” he said a man told him in April, in the troubled mining town of Camilo Ponce Enriquez.
That night, the town’s mayor was shot dead. Earlier this month, a clash between criminal groups in the town left five dead, two of whom were found decapitated, and one burned.
Photo: AFP
Garzon, a bird expert at the state-run National Institute of Biodiversity (Inabio), tried to continue his research in a neighboring town, whose mayor was also killed.
Tired of the ever-present danger, he packed his bags and returned to Quito.
Garzon has been studying the El Oro parakeet for two decades, working for its conservation and supporting the sustainable management of its habitats.
Mostly green, with a red forehead, the bird is endemic to Ecuador and has only been seen in the country’s southwest provinces of Azuay and El Oro.
With only an estimated 1,000 specimens remaining, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists it as in danger of extinction.
Garzon visited Camilo Ponce Enriquez, in Azuay province, to track down and study the endangered parakeet. But the gold-rich town is in the grips of the Los Lobos drug trafficking gang, which finances its activities with illegal mining.
“We are left with uncertainty and frustration ... There is a lack of information on that site,” he said. He said the violence was a blow to conservation as there “could be important areas that are home to endemic or threatened species and we can’t do anything.”
WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY
Sandwiched between Colombia and Peru, the world’s top cocaine producers, once-peaceful Ecuador has seen violence explode in recent years as enemy gangs with links to Mexican and Colombian cartels vie for control.
As the gangs have gained ground, homicides in Ecuador soared from six per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018 to a record 47 per 100,000 last year.
Mario Yanez, another biologist from Inabio, said his current work revolves around finding “windows of opportunity” to continue researching despite the violence. Scientists work closely with local communities and authorities and do shorter field trips or focus on similar species located in less risky areas.
“The levels of violence have led to total restrictions in certain areas of the country,” especially on the coast and where there is mining, said Yanez.
These places carry the “stigma” of the violence and that “unfortunately is limiting international cooperation funds to be able to carry out conservation actions,” he added.
SECURITY CRISIS
The private Lalo Loor reserve in southwestern Manabi is one of Ecuador’s last intact remnants of a unique ecosystem known as a coastal dry forest, home to many endemic species.
The province is also a drug trafficking stronghold. Due to the security crisis, American universities cancelled an annual visit of researchers and students to the reserve, a major source of income for Lalo Loor.
Their continued absence could force the reserve’s administrative office to shutter, manager Mariela Loor said.
Judith Denkinger, a German biologist at the private Universidad San Francisco de Quito, said that since 2022 she has put on hold her two decades of research into humpback whales on the coast of the conflict-ridden northwestern province of Esmeraldas, bordering Colombia.
She has been unable to gather photographic or acoustic records of the humpback whales that come to the equatorial Pacific to mate and give birth.
She also highlighted the plight of fishermen — who she often works with at sea.
“Pirates, who are usually drug traffickers, come and threaten them, hijack their boat or steal their motor or kidnap them” to force them into drug trafficking, she said.
Daniel Vizuete, a specialist in Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Flacso University in Quito, said research related to the environment was “perhaps the most eroded precisely because it occurs ... in places where institutions are weaker.”
“That means that even the lives of researchers can be at risk,” he added. He also points to other possible effects of criminal violence on science such as a “setback in terms of participation of women.”
That US assistance was a model for Taiwan’s spectacular development success was early recognized by policymakers and analysts. In a report to the US Congress for the fiscal year 1962, former President John F. Kennedy noted Taiwan’s “rapid economic growth,” was “producing a substantial net gain in living.” Kennedy had a stake in Taiwan’s achievements and the US’ official development assistance (ODA) in general: In September 1961, his entreaty to make the 1960s a “decade of development,” and an accompanying proposal for dedicated legislation to this end, had been formalized by congressional passage of the Foreign Assistance Act. Two
March 31 to April 6 On May 13, 1950, National Taiwan University Hospital otolaryngologist Su You-peng (蘇友鵬) was summoned to the director’s office. He thought someone had complained about him practicing the violin at night, but when he entered the room, he knew something was terribly wrong. He saw several burly men who appeared to be government secret agents, and three other resident doctors: internist Hsu Chiang (許強), dermatologist Hu Pao-chen (胡寶珍) and ophthalmologist Hu Hsin-lin (胡鑫麟). They were handcuffed, herded onto two jeeps and taken to the Secrecy Bureau (保密局) for questioning. Su was still in his doctor’s robes at
Last week the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) said that the budget cuts voted for by the China-aligned parties in the legislature, are intended to force the DPP to hike electricity rates. The public would then blame it for the rate hike. It’s fairly clear that the first part of that is correct. Slashing the budget of state-run Taiwan Power Co (Taipower, 台電) is a move intended to cause discontent with the DPP when electricity rates go up. Taipower’s debt, NT$422.9 billion (US$12.78 billion), is one of the numerous permanent crises created by the nation’s construction-industrial state and the developmentalist mentality it
Experts say that the devastating earthquake in Myanmar on Friday was likely the strongest to hit the country in decades, with disaster modeling suggesting thousands could be dead. Automatic assessments from the US Geological Survey (USGS) said the shallow 7.7-magnitude quake northwest of the central Myanmar city of Sagaing triggered a red alert for shaking-related fatalities and economic losses. “High casualties and extensive damage are probable and the disaster is likely widespread,” it said, locating the epicentre near the central Myanmar city of Mandalay, home to more than a million people. Myanmar’s ruling junta said on Saturday morning that the number killed had
RSS