A solution for eutrophication
Those familiar with the term eutrophication know that the problem has been around for a while. It receives media attention once in a while, when an environmental disaster happens and people are held responsible. However, news fades fast and old problems are quickly forgotten.
Eutrophication is caused by a gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients in the biosystem, which occurs when streams wash away soils from the land. Debris, products of reproduction and dead terrestrial organisms are then deposited in these water bodies. As organic materials break down, algae and microscopic organisms feed on them, propagating and forming algal blooms on the water surface. This blocks light penetration and causes plants to produce less oxygen.
As algae die, they are decomposed by bacteria. This process not only releases odors and toxins, it also consumes large amounts of oxygen in the water. Eventually, oxygen depletion forms dead zones, areas that can no longer sustain life.
In Taiwan, 19 out of the 29 reservoirs are affected by the over-enrichment of nutrients, according to Taiwan Water Corp.
On a global scale, Taiwan’s water quality is rated “safe to drink.” It might be safe for human consumption, but this scale does not take into account the effects the eutrophication of water storage systems have on plant and animal life, and the ecosystem of surrounding areas.
Harmful algal blooms, dead zones and fish kills are some of the most damaging effects of eutrophication, but even that barely covers the issue. Algal blooms, the loss of biodiversity and the over-fertility of water bodies all pose serious threats spanning the human and natural worlds. Tainted drinking water supplies contribute to the spread of gastrointestinal and dermatological diseases such as conjunctivitis and hypoxia.
Evidently, eutrophication poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem, yet current solutions are either ineffective or extremely costly.
EutroinVitro is an ongoing research project by students in the international department of Wego High School participating in the iGEM [International Genetically Engineered Machine] competition. Taking a synthetic biology approach, through modeling and lab research, our team is proposing a potential solution.
First, by overexpressing specific proteins, we hydrolyze organic phosphate into inorganic phosphate.
Next, by inhibiting the binding of a biosensor, we make sure that the cells are able to absorb maximum amounts of phosphate.
Third, by putting the cells in a filtering device, we allow the system to float over a large surface area. As excess polyphosphate is stored in bacteria, the concentration phosphates in the water body decreases, thus reducing algae overgrowth and increasing oxygen levels.
You are probably wondering what this has to do with you. What we need now is your participation. The most direct method is to manage water pollution and reduce the source of nutrient runoff. Limit the use of phosphoric detergents for your clothes. Lessen the application of fertilizers for your gardens. Support pesticide-free agriculture by buying organic produce. Tune in to the news — or to our podcast “EutroinVitro” on Spotify. Spread the word, educate your peers and always remember that even the smallest actions can amount to great changes.
Do not hesitate to reach out to us on social media to learn more about eutrophication and our plan. We would love to hear from you.
ALYSSA YANG
Taipei
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