Nothing like a good hairdo to fight deeply entrenched racism in one of the world’s emerging economic giants.
The tools of battle, such as scissors and conditioners, are being wielded on the outskirts of Rio in a chain of beauty parlors that cater to black and mulata women of limited means.
Rather than straighten out their afro-style hair, as many blacks around the world like to do, this chain called Beleza Natural, or natural beauty, transforms it into soft curls. And business is booming.
Ditched is the popular conception in this South American powerhouse that afro-style hair will get you nowhere.
About 51 percent of Brazil’s 194 million people are black or mulatto (mixed race), and the owners of Beleza Natural estimate that 70 percent of women in Brazil have afro-style hair.
“This beauty salon is for the forgotten consumer, the invisible one, to raise the self esteem of low-income customers. Women who are used to serving, deserve to be served and served well,” said company chairwoman Leila Velez, a mulata of 38 years of age who at the tender age of 16 years old was already managing a McDonald’s.
Velez struggled to set up Beleza Natural 20 years ago with relatives. Today she runs its 13 beauty parlors plus a factory that makes hair care products and provides work for 1,700 people.
Every month the plant produces 250 tonnes of haircare products including the relaxing agent for curling hair. It was created by Velez’s sister-in-law Zica Assis, a former household maid who played around with tropical fruit for 10 years on the porch of her home in a Rio slum to come up with the right formula.
Revenues at Beleza Natural, most of whose outlets are on the outskirts of Rio, have grown at an annual rate of 30 percent over the past eight years, Velez says. She will not talk about profits.
The success is such that buses lined up bumper to bumper and packed with women with afro hair arrive at the salons every Saturday from faraway cities.
“One hundred percent of the success of this store is linked to the issue of race,” said Victor Cunha da Almeida, a professor at the business school of the Universidad Federal in Rio de Janeiro.
“In Brazil there is cultural baggage among black women who do not like their hair because it is not straight, which is the best known standard of beauty,” said Almeida, who co-authored a thesis on Beleza Natural and its support for the bottom of the social pyramid.
“And that is the difference with Beleza Natural, which does not want to straighten hair. It wants to relax it, to soften the curls. It says this to a woman: ‘You are beautiful because you are black. You are beautiful because you have hair like this.’”
Bruna Mara, a customer in Cachambi, a working class neighborhood north of Rio, confirmed this.
“I always straightened my hair,” she said. “Here they convinced me that my curls would look pretty and it is more natural,” the 24-year-old secretary said.
“There was no place that treated a black woman with afro hair like a princess,” Cunha said.
Walk into a Beleza Natural outlet and indeed it is easy to feel like a queen for a day.
Everything is decorated in red and pink, there are mirrors everywhere and spotlights, with fresh cut flowers and free coffee. You could be someplace posh anywhere in the world, or on stage in a soap opera.
“There are full-length mirrors because many clients do not have them at home,” Velez said.
Jose Jorge de Carvalho, an anthropologist at the University of Brasilia, says that even though Brazil is held up as an example of harmonious racial diversity, it is actually “very racist.”
“These hair salons are part of an effort to fight racism, to lift the self-esteem of black women of the working class,” Carvalho said.
He deplored the use of irons to straighten hair, some of which are heated right over open fires and can “fry the hair.”
As it stands, Beleza Natural says it styles the hair of 90,000 Brazilian women per month.
“This is the new middle class, producing for the new middle class,” Marcelo Neri, acting minister of Strategic Issues, said in comments to AFP.
The incomes of blacks and mulattos grew more between 2001 and 2009 than those of other races — at 43 percent and 48 percent respectively, compared with 21 percent for whites, said Neri, Brazil’s leading expert on the middle class.
However, the inequities are still howling. Whites in Brazil earn on average nearly twice as much as blacks.
“The lower middle class learned for a long time to live with little and now they have a little bit extra that lets them do what they want,” Neri said.
Getting your hair done at Beleza Natural is affordable, but not cheap. It costs US$38 dollars, which is 10 percent of the minimum monthly wage, and maintaining the look at home requires products that cost US$25 a month.
Still, most customers pay in cash — yet another sign of the real increase in purchasing power of the new Brazilian middle class.
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