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WEEKEND SCIENCE: Static electricity 週末科學版: 靜電

Saturday, Oct 11, 2008,Page 13

Static electricity is sometimes discharged as lightening, as seen in this picture of Sydney Harbor Bridge, Australia, on May 28, 2008. 靜電有時候會以閃電的形式被釋放，就像這張攝於五月二十八日的照片中，澳洲雪梨港橋上的情況一樣。 照片：美聯社 PHOTO: AP

If you’ve ever rubbed a balloon against a carpet then put it next to your hair, you will have noticed that your hair is attracted to the balloon. Similarly, when you take socks out of the dryer, sometimes they stick together. What these examples both have in common is that they are caused by static electricity. Static electricity is a result of objects rubbing against each other to create positive and negative electrical charges.

(JOHN PHILLIPS, STAFF WRITER)



假如你曾經把一顆氣球放在地毯上摩擦，然後再把它放到你的頭髮上，你會發現你的頭髮被這顆氣球吸了起來。同樣的道理，當你從烘衣機裡把襪子拿出來時，它們有時候也會被吸在一起。這兩個例子的共通點就是，它們都是因靜電所引起的。靜電是物體相互摩擦，產生正電荷和負電荷的結果。

（翻譯：袁星塵）





In today’s experiment you are going to build an electroscope to measure the static electricity of various household objects.


What you will need: A straw, glue, an aluminum pie dish, adhesive tape, a polystyrene cup, string, aluminum foil, a balloon, a pencil, a ruler and several different items to test (you can choose anything that’s available).

今天的實驗中，你會自己做一個驗電器，來測量看看不同的家用品各會產生多少靜電。


實驗所需：一根吸管、膠水、錫箔烤盤、膠帶、一個塑膠杯、線、錫箔紙、一個氣球、一枝鉛筆、一把尺和其他一些可以拿來測量的不同物品（什麼都可以拿來測試）。





INSTRUCTIONS 步驟說明

Step1: Using a sharp pencil, make two holes at opposite sides of the cup, near the base.

Step 2: Push the straw through the holes. Push it through as far as it will go, so that just a centimeter is poking out from one hole, and the rest of the straw is coming out the other hole.

Step 3: Cut a piece of string and thread it through the straw. It should hang down by about four of five centimeters. Tie a few knots in the string.

Step 4: Glue the rim of the cup to the pie dish.

Step 5: Roll up a small ball of aluminum foil and stick it to the end of the string. The ball should be hanging right next to the edge of the dish.

步驟一：用一枝削尖的鉛筆，在塑膠杯靠近底部的兩邊各戳一個洞。

步驟二：把吸管穿過這兩個洞，盡可能地把它往外推，保留其中一端露出洞外一公分左右，其餘的部份從另一個洞口穿出。

步驟三：剪一段細繩，將其穿過這根吸管，留約四到五公分自然垂在吸管外，然後在繩子上打幾個結。

步驟四：把這個杯子開口的邊緣黏在錫箔烤盤上。

步驟五：把錫箔紙揉成一小團，然後把它黏在細繩的一端。這顆錫箔紙小球懸掛的位置必須要正好在錫箔烤盤的邊緣外端。





TEST THE ELECTROSCOPE 測試驗電器

To make sure it works, you’re going to test the electroscope with an object with a lot of static electricity.

Step 1: Inflate the balloon and rub it for about thirty seconds on a carpet. This will charge it with electrons.

Step 2: Pick up your electroscope by the cup. If you touch the pie dish the test won’t work. Now put the electroscope on to the top of the balloon.

Step 3: If the aluminum foil ball is repelled away from the dish, the electroscope works. Measure how far the aluminum ball moves from the edge of the dish. If it doesn’t move, go back over the instructions and make sure you followed them correctly.

為了確保它能正常運作，你要用一個會產生很多靜電的東西來測試。

步驟一：將氣球充氣後，在地毯上摩擦約三十秒。這樣會讓氣球產生電子。

步驟二：手握杯子拿起你的驗電器，然後把它放在氣球上；如果你碰到錫箔烤盤，它就會失效了。

步驟三：如果這顆鋁箔球和錫箔烤盤彼此排斥，就表示你的驗電器成功了。測量錫箔球距離錫箔盤間的距離是多少。如果它沒有動，再回去看一次上述的步驟，看看你是不是有哪裡做錯了。





CONDUCT THE TESTS 進行實驗

Take the household objects you have chosen as test subjects, and one by one put the electroscope on top of them. Measure the movement of the ball each time. By the time you finish testing, you will know which objects have the highest electrical charge.

把你準備好的日常生活用品拿來進行實驗，每次把驗電器放到其中一個物體上，分別測量每個物體實驗下錫箔球與盤子的距離。等你結束實驗後，你就會知道哪些東西會產生最多電荷了。

VOCABULARY 今日單字 1. static electricity n. 靜電 (jing4 dian4) 2. electrical charge n. 電荷 (dian4 he4) 3. electroscope n. 驗電器 (yan4 dian4 qi4) 4. knot n. 結 (jie2) 5. repel v.i./v.t. 排斥 (pai2 chi4) 6. subject n. 實驗對象 (shi4 yan4 dui4 xiang4)

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