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Sunday Science: Making a volcano 週日科學：動手作火山

By Catherine Thomas
STAFF WRITER
Sunday, Jul 15, 2007,Page 14

Welcome to Sunday Science! Every Sunday during the summer, we’re going to guide you through some cool experiments that you can do at home. It’s a good idea for you to keep a record of what you do in a Science Journal. That way you can record what you learn, compare results and maybe use them to design new experiments! Have a look at the Science Journal box for some ideas to get you started. Remember to always ask a grown-up’s permission before trying out an experiment.

歡迎閱讀《週日科學版》！在暑假期間，我們每週日都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中記錄自己做了哪些活動，這樣就可以將所學的紀錄下來，比較這些結果，也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗！先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前，記得要獲得大人許可喔！

Making a volcano 動手作火山

What you will need:

An empty water bottle
Bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)
Vinegar
Dish soap
Food coloring (red)
A tray (to put everything on)
A cup or pouring jug
A spoon
A funnel (if you don’t have one at home, you can make one from cardboard covered with tinfoil or use a pouring jug to add the ingredients)
Some sand or modeling clay (optional)
Glitter (optional)
Old Newspaper

* Place the newspaper over your working surface.
* Put the tray on the newspaper. Put your empty bottle in the middle of the tray and put the funnel in the neck of the bottle.
* Use the spoon to put baking soda in the bottle. Put in enough to cover the bottom of the bottle well. If you are using glitter add this too.
* If you are using sand or modeling clay, shape it around the bottle (to about 3/4 of the way up) to make it look like a volcano or mountain.
* In the cup or jug combine 1/4 cup of vinegar, two big drops of dish soap and a couple of drops of food coloring (be careful food coloring can stain clothes).
* Pour the mixture into the bottle and watch what happens! Don’t forget to record what happens in your Science Journal.

所需材料︰

一只空水瓶
小蘇打粉
醋
洗碗精
紅色食用色素
一只托盤（大小需足以放置所有東西）
一只杯子（或是有傾倒口的量杯）
一個湯匙
一只漏斗（假如家裡沒有漏斗，你可以用鋁箔包住厚紙板來自己做一個，或是用量杯來添加材料）
沙子或塑形用黏土（非必要）
亮片（非必要）
舊報紙

* 在工作檯面鋪一張舊報紙。
* 把托盤放在報紙上。將一只空瓶子放在托盤中央，並把漏斗架在瓶子上。
* 用湯匙將小蘇打粉加入瓶內，數量要足以覆蓋整個瓶底。假如你有亮片，也可以在這時加進來。
* 假如你有沙子或黏土，將它們包住瓶子四周（約瓶高的四分之三），讓瓶子看起來宛如火山或高山。
* 在杯子或量杯中放入四分之一杯的醋、兩大滴洗碗精，與幾滴紅色色素（小心別讓色素弄髒衣服）。
* 把這些東西倒入瓶內，看看會發生什麼事！ 別忘了將實驗結果紀錄在《科學日誌》喔。

（翻譯︰賴美君）

Science Journal 科學日誌 What do you know about bicarbonate of soda? What is it used for in your house? What happens if you mix it with water? What do you know about vinegar? What can it be used for at home? Does water mix with vinegar? What about dish soap? What happens if you mix it with water? How about if you try mixing dish soap with vinegar? What about bicarbonate of soda with dish soap? 你有多了解小蘇打粉？它在你家的用途為何？假如你將小蘇打粉加水混在一起，會發生什麼事？你對醋了解多少？醋在家中的用途又是什麼？醋會和水相溶嗎？那洗碗精呢？假如你將洗碗精加水混合，會發生什麼事？將洗碗精和醋混在一起又會怎樣？若將小蘇打粉加入洗碗精呢？

Vocabulary 1. volcano n. 火山 (huo3 shan1) 2. pour n. 傾倒 (qing1 dao4)，倒入 (dao4 ru4) 3. funnel n. 漏斗 (lou4 dou3) 4. shape v.t 塑形 (su4 xing2) 5. drop n. 滴 (di1) 6. chemical reaction n. phr. 化學反應 (hua4 xue2 fan3 ying4) 7. carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 (er4 yang3 hua4 tan4) 8. expand v.i./v.t 擴張 (kuo4 zhang1)，膨脹 (peng2 zhang4) 9. all-purpose n. phr. 萬用的 (wan4 yong4 de5) 10. cleaner n. 清潔劑 (qing1 jie2 ji4)

What's the science? 科學原理 The baking soda and the vinegar have a chemical reaction. The reaction creates carbon dioxide (the same gas that you breathe out and trees breathe in). The carbon dioxide expands, so it needs to escape the bottle. This is why the carbon dioxide goes out of the neck of the bottle, pushing the mixture along with it. 小蘇打粉加醋會產生化學反應，製造二氧化碳（與你呼氣和樹木吸進的氣體一樣）。二氧化碳會增加，所以會跑出實驗用的瓶子。這就是二氧化碳跑出瓶口的原因，也迫使瓶內的混和物一同溢出來。

Bonus 你知道嗎 A mixture of bicarbonate of soda, dish soap and vinegar is a really good all-purpose household cleaner. It’s good for the environment too. You can make it smell good by adding a couple of drops of lemon juice. Don’t include the food coloring though! 小蘇打粉、洗碗精和醋的混和物是極有用的家用萬能清潔劑，也很環保。你可以在裡頭加入幾滴檸檬汁，讓它氣味更清香。但可別添加食用色素喔！

Further Ideas 進階點子 Try the experiment again without the dish soap. What changes? Try adding more or less Bicarbonate of soda. Does it change the result? How about if you change the amount of vinegar? Don’t forget to record your observations in your Science Journal. 再做一次實驗，這次不要用洗碗精。實驗結果有什麼變化？試著多加一點小蘇打粉，或減少小蘇打粉的量。實驗結果會不同嗎？假如你改變醋的多寡呢？別忘了在《科學日誌》寫下你的觀察。

Next Week 下週預告 For next Sunday’s experiment you will need the following special items: A cereal box (or stiff paper), a paper or plastic cup , a balloon (a long skinny one), a long piece of fishing line (or smooth string). 下週日的科學實驗，你需要特別準備以下的東西︰一個麥片盒（或硬紙板）、一個紙杯或塑膠杯、一個長條形氣球、以及一條釣魚線（或光滑的硬線）。

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