This year is a critical one for education worldwide. Despite a commitment by the international community to guarantee universal primary education, about 58 million of the world’s most-marginalized children remain out of the classroom. And as we seek to expand the international community’s commitment so that by 2030 every child has the opportunity to attend secondary school, we must work hard to provide the necessary funding.
This is why the four-day World Education Forum that opened on Tuesday in South Korea, the homeland of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, is so important. According to most estimates, providing universal secondary education will cost international donors an additional US$22 billion to US$50 billion a year, even after developing nations ramp up their commitments. If we fail to raise that money, the hopes and ambitions of millions of children are certain to be crushed.
The forum is to focus on how to bridge the funding gap. Later, on July 7, Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg and Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Borge Brende are to convene a summit in Oslo with the aim of raising education’s profile among global priorities, reversing negative trends in financing and identifying ways to support students more effectively. Other conferences, including the Addis Ababa International Conference on Financing for Development, the Education International World Congress, an #UpForSchool Town Hall during the UN General Assembly and the 28th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO, are to provide forums for action and discussion.
It is fitting that the first of these events is taking place in South Korea and that Ban is to be one of the key speakers. Ban’s personal story illustrates the difference education can make in transforming a life.
Raised in war-torn South Korea in the 1950s, Ban’s elementary schooling — made possible by help from UNICEF — took place under a tree. UNESCO provided the books, which bore an inscription that read: “Children should work hard, and by doing so they will repay their debt to the UN.”
No one could have imagined that one of those students would repay his debt by becoming UN secretary-general and using that position to lead a campaign, the Global Education First Initiative, to provide others with the opportunity he received.
Education is central to achieving all of the other UN Sustainable Development Goals; it unlocks gains in health, women’s empowerment, employment and overall quality of life. The trouble is that providing for a proper education system requires at least 5 percent of a nation’s GDP and usually about 20 percent of public spending. Few developing countries have undertaken spending on this scale.
AID FOR EDUCATION
For the time being, outside help is essential. There are clear limits to poor nations’ ability to mobilize the domestic resources needed to provide secondary education for all. The international community must help make up the difference by looking to private foundations, businesses, charitable organizations and global and national funding.
The cause of education still lacks a major philanthropist like Bill Gates. Although the Global Partnership for Education raised more than US$2 billion in its replenishment effort, health programs have more funders, reflected in, for example, the US$12 billion Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Only recently has Norway assumed a vanguard role in making the education of all children worldwide a national priority.
Currently, education accounts for only 1 percent of humanitarian aid in emergencies, despite millions of children being refugees in need of help, not just for days or weeks, but often for years. Nearly half of the out-of-school population — about 28 million children — now reside in conflict zones, with millions trapped in refugee camps or tent cities.
Among the proposals being discussed at this year’s meetings are the establishment of a fund for education during emergencies and a coordination platform to help channel resources to places like Syria, where the conflict has left nearly 3 million children out of school. Likewise, in Nepal, 25,000 classrooms are in urgent need of reconstruction or retrofitting to withstand earthquakes.
The effort to provide humanitarian aid in emergencies is just one part of the agenda for global education. Just as the International Finance Facility for Immunization provides front-loaded funding mechanisms for health, we now must consider innovative financing instruments, like social impact bonds, that promise not only to increase enrollment, but also to improve student retention and learning.
Today, the richest countries in the world spend about US$100,000 educating a child to the age of 16. In sub-Saharan Africa, by contrast, an average child from a poor family is likely to receive less than four years of education, at a cost of US$150 per year — just US$12 of which originates in the richest countries.
Our long-term aim must be to ensure that citizens of the world’s poorest countries have not only the same educational opportunities, but also the same educational attainment rates as their counterparts in richer countries. Only when this is accomplished will we be able to say that the struggle for the right to education has been won and that we have created a world in which all children can realize their hopes and ambitions.
Former British prime minister Gordon Brown is the UN special envoy for global education.
Copyright: Project Syndicate
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