The US job market remains a frustrating place for the nation’s 9 million unemployed citizens — perhaps more so as hiring has accelerated alongside job postings.
The pace of job growth over the past three months was the fastest in 17 years. The gains spanned nearly every industry, and some employers have finally had to dangle higher pay to attract or retain top talent.
Yet millions of jobseekers in the US still cannot find work. Some businesses remain slow to fill their openings, awaiting the ideal candidate. Many jobseekers reportedly lack the skills that employers require.
Illustration: YUSHA
The plight of unemployed people in the US also reflects an economic reality: Even in the best of times, the number of jobseekers is typically twice the number of job openings.
The US jobs report for last month that Washington issued on Friday last week illustrated another factor: As hiring improves, more people typically start — or resume — looking for jobs. As the number of jobseekers grows, so does competition for work.
The number of openings has reached nearly 5 million, the most since 2001.
However, that is barely more than half of the number of people whom the US counts as unemployed.
“There’s always going to be a set of job vacancies, and there are always going to be a set of people transitioning from unemployment to work,” George Washington University economics professor Tara Sinclair said. “The transition isn’t instantaneous.”
For many, the transition can be maddeningly slow. Complaints abound about job Web sites that seem to function more as black holes than as gateways to employment. Applicants cannot get past online portals to explain gaps in their resumes. Multiple interviews and other steps — even for low-paying jobs — can prolong the process.
Carlie Kozlowich, 23, had three interviews last year with a marketing company for a job she was told would involve “travel” and “events.” Only after accepting the job did she learn that it involved selling goods at a booth in a Costco. Having amassed about US$50,000 in debt to earn a college degree, she felt that she had to turn it down.
“Three interviews just to say: ‘Would you like to try a pierogi today?’” she said.
University of Chicago economist Steven Davis calculates that it took employers an average of 25.6 working days to fill a job in November last year, the latest period for which data are available. That nearly matched July last year’s figure of 26, the longest in the 14 years that the US government has gathered the data that Davis uses.
An extended hiring period can in some ways be a positive sign: It suggests that companies are having a harder time finding workers because the economy has improved. The number of unemployed people peaked at 15.4 million in October 2009, just after the recession ended.
Still, that it takes companies so long to fill vacancies, even with 9 million people unemployed, suggests that more discouraging factors might be at play.
Some companies that are seeking high-skilled workers in fields like information technology and advanced manufacturing complain about a shortage of qualified candidates. Some recruiters and job Web sites describe “skills mismatches.”
Paul D’Arcy, senior vice president at the job listings Web site Indeed.com, said that lower-skilled jobs generally receive a flood of resumes, while higher-skilled positions attract far fewer.
Jobs in management, computers and math and architecture and engineering far outnumber jobseekers in those fields, according to Indeed’s data.
That does not sit well with Bill Gahan, 51, who has sought work for nearly a year after moving to Salt Lake City, Utah. Gahan worked in manufacturing and logistics for 29 years, including as a vice president for logistics at a manufacturer of hardware and software for visually impaired people.
Told that some experts think many of the unemployed lack the right skills, Gahan said: “I want to have a conversation with whoever is saying that.”
Increasingly, many economists agree with Gahan. Though skill shortages exist in some highly technical positions, if shortages of qualified workers were pervasive, employers would likely offer higher pay. Despite a sharp gain last month, average pay still has not risen much.
Many employers also remain highly selective, perhaps assuming that there are still legions of unemployed to choose from. They might be right: There are 6.8 million part-time workers who would prefer full-time jobs — 50 percent more than in 2007, before the recession began.
The recession also left some companies reluctant to make permanent hires. They have turned instead to temporary and contract workers.
All that has left jobseekers like Stephen Jones in a bind. A lawyer, Jones has not found work since moving to Windermere, Florida, more than a year ago. Besides applying for positions as a lawyer, Jones has lowered his sights and sought legal assistant and paralegal jobs. Having sent out from 200 to 300 resumes, has heard back once or twice.
“What do I do?” asked Jones, 32. “I’m overqualified for some jobs, and I’m underqualified for the jobs that I want to have.”
Many companies that want to hire do not see the hurry.
Explorys, a healthcare data provider in Cleveland, Ohio, plans to add 80 people to its 142-person staff this year, mostly in data analysis. The company uses a database to help hospitals manage and anticipate patients’ needs.
Cleveland is home to several major healthcare employers and research universities, so Explorys typically has “lots of good candidates” for jobs, CEO Steve McHale said, and the company tries to identify those who fit its culture and values.
“We probably say ‘No’ more than other companies,” he said.
Geography can pose a hurdle for some companies that want to hire.
Digi-Key, an online seller of electrical components, added 521 jobs last year as sales grew, raising its workforce to 3,300. Yet it is located in Thief River Falls, Minnesota, a town of 8,500 residents that is an hour from the Canadian border.
It has offered relocation bonuses and arranged bus service to nearby cities to find applicants. However, vice president for human resources Rick Trontvet worries that those measures will not be enough as the company grows.
“We have so many jobs and so few people to fill them,” Trontvet said.
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