The baccarat tables at the Venetian’s Red Dragon section still teem each night with hundreds of the Chinese players who’ve fueled Macau’s breathtaking shot to the top of the gambling world.
But as gamblers place bets of 500 patacas (US$65) and more in Las Vegas Sands’ popular casino, cheering and bellowing with each flip of a hand, construction cranes stand idle atop hulking steel shells of three half-finished hotel towers across the street.
The hot streak that turned Macau into the world’s gambling capital is cooling as global economic and financial woes delay new projects, cut into incomes and hurt tourism. Tightened travel restrictions on Chinese tourists, the engine behind Macau’s growth, also are taking a toll, and revenue growth is slowing for the first time in years.
PHOTO: BLOOMBERG NEWS
“Without a doubt, the incredible heat that we’ve seen in the market before is coming off,” said Anthony Lawrence (a former managing editor of the Taipei Times), publisher of the territory’s Destination Macau magazine.
The silenced towers are among the projects where struggling Las Vegas Sands Corp suspended work two weeks ago as part of its effort to comply with debt agreements backed by its Las Vegas properties.
It was a drop in Sands’ Las Vegas earnings that partly triggered the construction halts. But the troubles aren’t unique to Sands or to Las Vegas, where revenues are down across the board.
In Macau, Galaxy Entertainment Group Ltd likely won’t open its entire 2,500-room Cotai Mega Resort in Macau on time next year, some analysts say, because of a possible funding gap. And a US$2.5 billion joint venture gambling resort called Macau Studio City, near Sands’ two suspended sites on a stretch of reclaimed land known as the Cotai Strip, could face delays as well.
Macau, the only place in China where gambling is legal, boomed after the government broke up a local company’s long-standing monopoly six years ago and started welcoming US gambling powerhouses such as Sands, Wynn Resorts Ltd and MGM Mirage Inc.
As the operators built one glitzy casino-resort after another, gamblers showed up by the millions — more than half of them from China — and profits surged. By 2006, this tiny, former Portuguese colony, surpassed Las Vegas as the world’s most lucrative gambling center.
From 2003 to last year, Macau gambling revenue nearly tripled to 83 billion patacas. And this year it’s on track to top US$13 billion — more than double the take in Las Vegas. But signs of a slowdown are emerging. While an average of five casinos sprouted annually between 2004 and this year, next year may see only one major opening, from Melco Crown Entertainment Ltd.
Casino revenue, while well ahead of last year, slipped 10 percent in the third quarter from the previous three months, the second straight quarter-to-quarter decline. Macau’s leader says average monthly revenues could drop next year to 7 billion patacas compared with more than 9 billion monthly through September this year.
Fresh problems surfaced two weeks ago when Sands, the city’s leading casino operator by market share, indefinitely halted construction at its Macau projects — including Shangri-La, Traders and Sheraton hotels as well as casinos — throwing as many as 11,000 out of people out of work. Sands officials say they’re in talks with banks about new financing, but it’s unclear how long that will take or when construction might resume.
Sands president William Weidner suggested last week Sands won’t invest more until the company sees how Beijing’s policies toward Macau shake out.
There may be a silver lining in the slowdown: a break from the furious pace of development and a chance for the industry to catch its breath. Given travel curbs and global economic weakness, the crowds packing Macau’s casinos might start thinning if more were to open.
“It’s good we’ve got a slowdown,” said analyst Billy Ng at JP Morgan Securities. “Ambitions were too big.”
Slackening economic growth in and around China is at least partly to blame for slowing revenue growth in Macau. Guangdong Province, a major source of Macau visitors, is reeling from job losses and factory closures as the global downturn cuts demand for the country’s exports.
Across China, falling stock markets and housing prices have caused a painful destruction of wealth. In Hong Kong, the economy slipped into recession last quarter.
The bigger reason for a drop-off that large may be gradually tightening visa rules that, among other things, now limit to once every three months the times Guangdong residents can go to Macau.
Chinese tourists are vital, accounting for more than half of Macau’s revenues. While the changes might be temporary, the impact already is evident. Tourist arrivals in September grew by a paltry 2 percent compared with the same period last year; by comparison, they grew by nearly 30 percent in September last year from 2006.
Never fully explained by Beijing, the restrictions are seen as an attempt by the government to control Macau’s galloping growth.
Though China has benefited from Macau’s rise — thousands of have found new jobs, and huge quantities of building supplies like cement and steel are sourced from mainland firms — officials may be worried about gambling’s effect on society, analysts says. Laundering by corrupt authorities and clashes over unpaid gambling debts are likely among the concerns.
With average salaries of China’s 1.3 billion people on the rise, there’s still huge growth potential for Macau and it casinos, even with the visa changes.
“You’ll see some weakness driven by the visa restrictions and the softening of the regional economies, but I think the long-term prospects are very positive,” said Gary Pinge of Macquarie Securities in Hong Kong. “Macau has just barely scratched the surface of China.”
Casino mogul Steven Wynn, whose company operates one resort in Macau and has another on the way, is taking the slowdown in stride: “We’re not having these huge increases, but who says that you’re entitled to that every few years? Where did that become a law of nature?”
He’s still bullish on the city’s long-term fortunes.
“I think the market is wonderful in China,” he said in a telephone interview. “Macau has always been a tourist kind of place, and it’s broadened ... its appeal. And I think that’s going to continue.”
Sheng Yaopeng, a 26-year-old TV camera operator from Beijing, isn’t concerned either.
He was calm as he talked about losing 30,000 patacas at the baccarat tables over several days in Macau. The losses wouldn’t keep him from returning. Neither would any of the other problems in and outside Macau.
“We only come a few times a year now ... but we will still come,” Sheng said.
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