They are hunted for their unique scales, and the demand makes them the most-trafficked mammal in the world.
Wildlife conservationists again raised the plight of pangolins, the shy, scaly anteaters found in parts of Africa and Asia, on World Pangolin Day yesterday.
Pangolins or pangolin products outstrip any other mammal when it comes to wildlife smuggling, with more than half a million pangolins seized in anti-trafficking operations between 2016 and 2024, a report last year by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora said.
Photo: AP
The World Wildlife Fund estimates that more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild over the past decade, including those that were never intercepted.
Pangolin meat is a delicacy in some places, but the driving force behind the illegal trade is their scales, which are made of keratin. The scales are in high demand in China and other parts of Asia due to the unproven belief that they cure a range of ailments when made into traditional medicine.
There are eight pangolin species, four in Africa and four in Asia. All of them face a high, very high or extremely high risk of extinction.
While they are sometimes known as scaly anteaters, pangolins are not related in any way to anteaters or armadillos.
They are unique in that they are the only mammals covered completely in keratin scales, which overlap and have sharp edges. They are the perfect defense mechanism, allowing a pangolin to roll up into an armored ball that even lions struggle to get to grip with, leaving the nocturnal ant and termite eaters with few natural predators. However, they have no real defense against human hunters.
While some reports indicate a downward trend in pangolin trafficking since the COVID-19 pandemic, they are still being poached at an alarming rate across parts of Africa, conservationists said.
Nigeria is one of the global hot spots. There, Mark Ofua, a wildlife veterinarian and the West Africa representative for the Wild Africa conservation group, has rescued pangolins for more than a decade, which started with him scouring bushmeat markets for animals he could buy and save. He runs an animal rescue center and a pangolin orphanage in Lagos.
His mission is to raise awareness of pangolins in Nigeria through a wildlife show for kids and a tactic of convincing entertainers, musicians and other celebrities with millions of social media followers to be involved in conservation campaigns — or just be seen with a pangolin.
Nigeria is home to three of the four African pangolin species, but they are not well known among the country’s 240 million people.
Ofua’s drive for pangolin publicity stems from an encounter with a group of well-dressed young men while he was once transporting pangolins he had rescued in a cage.
The men pointed at them and asked what they were, Ofua said.
“Oh, those are baby dragons,” he said. However, it got him thinking.
“There is a dark side to that admission,” Ofua said. “If people do not even know what a pangolin looks like, how do you protect them?”
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