The last remaining nuclear arms pact between Russia and the US expired yesterday, removing any caps on the two largest atomic arsenals for the first time in more than a half-century.
The termination of the New START Treaty could set the stage for what many fear could be an unconstrained nuclear arms race.
Russian President Vladimir Putin last year declared readiness to stick to the treaty’s limits for another year if Washington follows suit, but US President Donald Trump has been noncommittal about extending it. He has indicated that he wants China to be a part of it — a push Beijing has rebuffed.
Photo: AFP
Putin discussed the pact’s expiration with Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) on Wednesday, Kremlin adviser Yuri Ushakov said, adding that Washington has not responded to his proposed extension.
Russia “will act in a balanced and responsible manner based on thorough analysis of the security situation,” Ushakov said.
The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that “under the current circumstances, we assume that the parties to the New START Treaty are no longer bound by any obligations or symmetrical declarations within the context of the Treaty, including its core provisions, and are fundamentally free to choose their next steps.”
New START, signed in 2010 by then-US president Barack Obama and then-Russian president Dmitry Medvedev restricted each side to no more than 1,550 nuclear warheads on no more than 700 missiles and bombers — deployed and ready for use. It was originally supposed to expire in 2021, but was extended for five more years.
The pact envisioned sweeping on-site inspections to verify compliance, although they stopped in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and never resumed.
In February 2023, Putin suspended Moscow’s participation, saying Russia could not allow US inspections of its nuclear sites at a time when Washington and its NATO allies have openly declared Moscow’s defeat in Ukraine as their goal. At the same time, the Kremlin emphasized it was not withdrawing from the pact altogether, pledging to respect its caps on nuclear weapons.
The pact’s expiration would be destabilizing and could fuel nuclear proliferation, Putin said.
New START followed a long succession of US-Russian nuclear arms reduction pacts. Those have been terminated, as well.
Trump has indicated he would like to keep limits on nuclear weapons, but wants to involve China in a potential new treaty.
“I actually feel strongly that if we’re going to do it, I think China should be a member of the extension,” Trump said.
Beijing has balked at any restrictions on its smaller, but growing nuclear arsenal, while urging the US to resume nuclear talks with Russia.
“China’s nuclear forces are not at all on the same scale as those of the US and Russia, and thus China will not participate in nuclear disarmament negotiations at the current stage,” Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Lin Jian (林劍) said.
China regrets the expiration of the treaty, calls on the US to resume nuclear dialogue with Russia soon and positively views Moscow’s suggestion that the two sides continue observing the core limits of the treaty for now, he said.
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