Johns Hopkins University, whose researchers have been at the forefront of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on Wednesday said that its founder owned slaves during the 19th century, a revelation for the Baltimore-based institute that had taken pride in the man purportedly being a staunch abolitionist.
Researchers uncovered the information in government census records as part of an initiative exploring the university’s history. The long-held narrative of an abolitionist Hopkins whose father had freed the family’s slaves in 1807 came into question over the past several months.
“We now have government census records that state Mr Hopkins was the owner of one enslaved person listed in his household in 1840 and four enslaved people listed in 1850,” university president Ronald Daniels and other institute officials wrote in a letter to the Johns Hopkins community. “By the 1860 census, there are no enslaved persons listed in the household.”
Maryland abolished slavery in 1864.
The officials said that the university would continue researching Hopkins’ life in the coming months to “have a full picture,” as a complete biography of the university’s founder does not exist.
They wrote that they decided to share the development as part of the university’s effort “to deepen our historical understanding of the legacy of racism in our country, our city, and our institutions.”
Hopkins died in 1873 and left US$7 million to open a university, orphanage and hospital. The donation at the time was considered to be the largest philanthropic gift made in the US.
Today, the university has about 27,000 students and its researchers have earned 29 Nobel laureates.
The private institute has played a globally prominent role in tracking the spread of the virus.
Martha Jones, a Hopkins history professor, wrote in an opinion piece for the Washington Post on Wednesday that the new information about the university’s founder would rattle the university community.
“This year, so many of us at Johns Hopkins have taken pride in being affiliated with our colleagues in medicine and public health who have brilliantly confronted the coronavirus pandemic,” she wrote. “That pride, for me, now mixes with bitterness. Our university was the gift of a man who traded in the liberty and dignity of other men and women.”
School officials said that Jones and another researcher has not found evidence substantiating the narrative of Hopkins as an abolitionist.
“They have been unable to document the story of Johns Hopkins’ parents freeing enslaved people in 1807, but they have found a partial freeing of enslaved people in 1778 by Johns Hopkins’ grandfather, and also continued slaveholding and transactions involving enslaved persons for decades thereafter,” the officials wrote.
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