Alleged poisonings of Afghan schoolgirls by Taliban insurgents regularly make headlines, but there are signs the incidents could be cases of mass hysteria, say specialists in the field.
In a widely reported “attack” last week, more than 120 girls from a school in northern Takhar Province were rushed to hospital after scores fainted and others complained of feeling ill.
Local officials accused the Taliban — who banned schooling for girls while in power from 1996 to 2001 — of contaminating the air with an unidentified “toxic powder.”
Photo: AFP
In two other cases this year, a “gas attack” and “poisoned water” have been blamed for mass fainting episodes in other schools.
The children are always taken to hospital and usually released shortly afterward, with authorities vowing to submit samples taken from the girls for analysis.
Usually, nothing more is heard. However, inquiries have found that neither the Afghan government nor NATO’s military in Afghanistan have discovered proof of poisoning.
Instead, an international expert said the cases had “all the earmarks” of mass hysteria.
“So far no evidence or any traces of any kind of poison or gas have been found in government tests,” Afghan Interior Ministry spokesman Sayed Edayat Hafiz said.
A spokesman for NATO’s International Security Assistance Force said that at Kabul’s request it had collected samples after 200 students were recently reported ill at a high school in the province of Khost.
“Initial laboratory tests of multiple air, water and material samples were negative for any organic compounds like poisons or other toxic material,” Lieutenant Colonel Jimmie Cummings said. “Further tests continue, but at this point it is unlikely that any foreign substance caused the reported symptoms.”
With no physical cause established, Robert Bartholomew, a sociologist and author, said the poisoning scares had “all the earmarks of mass psychogenic illness, also known as mass hysteria.”
Bartholomew, who is based in New Zealand, said he had collected more than 600 cases of mass hysteria in schools dating back to 1566 in Europe, “and the Afghan episode certainly fits the pattern.”
He noted there was a history of similar cases in combat zones, listing examples from the Palestinian territories in 1983 to Soviet Georgia in 1989 and Kosovo in 1990.
The Afghan incidents came “within a larger social panic involving the fear of Taliban insurgents,” he added.
Afghanistan has been at war for the past 30 years and according to the director of the government’s mental health department, Bashir Ahmad Sarwari, half of the population suffers from mental stress caused by the conflict.
“Two out of four Afghans suffer from trauma, depression and anxiety,” he said. “They are in trauma mainly because of three decades of war, poverty, family disputes and migration issues.”
The Taliban on Sunday issued a statement through the Afghan Islamic Press denying responsibility for any poisoning attacks on girls’ schools.
“The Islamic Emirate completely disassociates itself from such activities. If found in any part of the country, those doing such activities would be given punishment according to Shariah,” the statement said.
However, the Taliban’s history makes them an easy target for officials searching for someone to blame for the mysterious illnesses.
Before the hardline Islamists were toppled in a US-led invasion after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks on the US, they were notorious for their brutal suppression of women.
Girls were not allowed an education, women were not allowed to work and those not wearing the all-enveloping burqa were whipped in the street.
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