Whether it is tapioca balls or computer chips, Taiwan is stretching toward the US and away from China — the world’s No. 2 economy that threatens to take the democratically ruled nation by force if necessary.
That has translated to the world’s biggest maker of computer chips — which power everything from medical equipment to cellphones — announcing bigger investments in the US last month after a boost from US President Joe Biden’s administration. Soon afterward, a Taiwanese semiconductor company said it was ending its two-decade-long run in China amid a global race to gain the edge in the high-tech industry.
These changes at a time of an intensifying China-US rivalry reflect Taiwan’s efforts to reduce its reliance on Beijing and insulate itself from Chinese pressure while forging closer economic and trade ties with the US, its strongest ally. The shift is also taking place as China’s economic growth has been weak and global businesses are looking to diversify following supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Photo: Reuters
In a stark illustration of the shift, the US displaced China as the top destination for Taiwan’s exports in the first quarter of the year for the first time since the start of 2016, when comparable data became available. Taiwan exported US$24.6 billion of goods to the US in the first three months, compared with US$22.4 billion to China, Taiwanese government data showed.
Meanwhile, Taiwan’s investments in China have fallen to the lowest level in more than 20 years, dropping nearly 40 percent to US$3 billion last year from a year earlier, the Ministry of Economic Affairs said. Yet, Taiwan’s investments in the US surged ninefold to US$9.6 billion last year.
Washington and Taipei signed a trade agreement last year, and they are now negotiating the next phase. US lawmakers have also introduced a bill to end double taxes for Taiwanese businesses and workers in the US.
“Everything is motivated by… a desire to build Taiwan’s deterrent capability and their resilience, all in support of maintaining the status quo and deterring China from being tempted to take... action against Taiwan,” US Assistant Secretary of State Daniel Kritenbrink said.
The world’s biggest chipmaker, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC), announced last month that it would expand its US investments to US$65 billion. That came after the Biden administration pledged up to US$6.6 billion in incentives that would put the company’s facilities in Arizona on track to produce about one-fifth of the world’s most advanced chips by 2030.
Apart from its US investments, TSMC is putting money into Japan, a staunch US supporter in the region. Foxconn, a Taiwanese conglomerate known for being Apple’s main contractor, is building manufacturing capacity in India, while Pegatron, another Taiwan business that makes parts of iPhones and computers, is investing in Vietnam.
King Yuan Electronics Corp (KYEC), a Taiwanese company specializing in semiconductor testing and packaging, said last month that it would sell off its US$670 million stake in a venture in the eastern Chinese city of Suzhou. KYEC cited geopolitics, the US export ban on advanced chips to China and Beijing’s policy of seeking self-sufficiency in the technology.
“The ecological environment of semiconductor manufacturing in China has changed, and the market competition has become increasingly severe,” KYEC said in a statement.
Exports of semiconductors, electronic components and computer equipment from Taiwan to the US more than tripled from 2018 to reach nearly US$37 billion last year. It is not just tech: Taiwan more than tripled exports of tapioca and its substitute, key ingredients in boba milk tea, to the US between 2018 and last year, and is shipping more fruits, tree nuts and farmed fish.
The recent trade data reflect “the strategy from both Taiwan and the US to reorient that trade in an effort to de-risk from China,” Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center nonresident senior fellow Hung Tran said.
The share of Taiwan’s exports to China and Hong Kong fell from about 44 percent in 2020 to less than one-third in the first quarter of this year.
That was “a very big movement,” Tran said. “And I think that the share (of exports to China and Hong Kong) will probably continue to decline.”
Since the 1990s, Beijing has tried to balance its claim that Taiwan belongs to it with favorable economic and trade policies, aiming to foster closer ties that could make it harder for Taiwan to break away.
When the Democratic Progressive Party gained power in Taiwan in 2016, the new government put forward a policy to distance Taiwan from China and boost economic ties with other countries in the region, especially in Southeast Asia. Unhappy Beijing turned to its economic leverage to try to bring Taiwan to heel.
It has restricted travel by Chinese tourists to Taiwan and suspended imports of Taiwanese seafood, fruits and snacks. In 2021, China banned Taiwan-grown pineapples over biosecurity concerns, devastating Taiwanese farmers whose exported fruit nearly all went to China.
Ralph Cossa, president emeritus of the Honolulu-based foreign policy research institute Pacific Forum, said Beijing’s actions have helped push Taiwan away.
Chinese President “Xi Jinping [習近平] is tactically clever, but strategically foolish in many of the decisions he has made; his loyalty tests on Taiwan businessmen and other heavy-handed business practices and decisions have been a major contributor to the success of Taiwan’s” policy to distance itself from China, he said.
That policy would continue with President William Lai (賴清德), Cossa said.
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