1. 她看起來很失望。
ˇ She looks disappointed.
χ She looks disappointing.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
註︰disappointed 意思是「某人感到失望」，disappointing 是「某事令人失望」，例如：a disappointing experience、a disappointing result。
2. 他的話使我不安。
ˇ His remark disturbed me.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
ˇ His remark made me disturbed.
χ His remark made me disturbing.
註︰同上例，凡是由於某種外來的因素而產生某種情緒，都用過去分詞；這些分詞實際上已有一般形容詞的性質。
3. 對不起，讓你久等了。
ˇ I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
ˇ I am sorry I kept you waiting.
χ I am sorry to have kept you to wait.
註︰keep 後面接名詞（或代名詞）＋分詞構成的複合受詞，而不接名詞（或代名詞）＋不定詞構成的複合受詞。
4. 他收拾好行裝，急忙趕向車站。
ˇ Having packed his things, he hurried to the train station.
ˇ After getting his things together, he hurried to the train station.
χ Getting his things together, he hurried to the station.
註︰現在分詞所表示的動作往往與句中述部動詞所表示的動作同時進行。例句中「收拾……」的動作不可能與「趕向……」同時發生，兩個動作必須有先後，才合乎邏輯，因此錯句的現在分詞要改為完成分詞或改為介詞 after 後面跟動名詞。請注意底下的例外：
Entering the room, he was greeted by the ambassador.
Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone.
Hearing footsteps, we stopped talking.
上面三句中的現在分詞可以代替完成分詞，表示述部動詞的動作緊接著分詞的動作。
5. 聽到這不幸的消息，他眼淚盈眶。
ˇ Hearing the bad news, he could not help bursting into tears.
ˇ When he heard the bad news, tears gushed from his eyes.
χ Hearing the bad news, tears gushed from his eyes.
註︰從結構上來看，錯句裡的 hearing the bad news 是歸屬於 tears 的，但在邏輯上連接不起來，因 tears 不是分詞片語的行為主體，語法上稱之為「不連結的分詞片語」（dangling phrase）。雖然名作家的作品中偶有類似的句子，但初學英語者應按照正規，避免不合邏輯的表達方式。有些分詞，已成為獨立成分，不能與不連接分詞相提並論。例如：
Generally speaking, this novel is not interesting.
Judging by his appearance, he can’t be more than twenty.
Exercises
A. 我記得曾在圖書館遇見過你。
I remember __________ you in the library.
1. meet 2. to meet 3. meeting 4. met
B 要記得寄我的包裹啊！
Remember -_________ my parcel!
1. mail 2. mailing 3. to mail 4. Mails
Answers:
A. 3 B. 3
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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