1. 這一定不是真的。
ˇ This cannot be true.
χ This must not be true.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
註：(1) must 可以用來表示「命令」、「義務」。例如：
You must do it at once.
We must go to school in the morning.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
其否定語是 must not (= mustn’t)，表示「絕對不可」，「一定不可」。例如：
You mustn’t play soccer in the street.
You mustn’t spit on the floor.
(2) 對於未知的事情有所推測，肯定用 must，否定用 cannot。例如：
That must be a mistake.
No, it cannot be a mistake.
You must be tired; you have worked for quite a long time.
You cannot be tired; you have only just begun to work.
必須注意，must 用於第二義時往往與 be 結合。
2. 他明天必須把報告交來。
ˇ He must hand in his paper tomorrow.
ˇ He has to hand in his paper tomorrow.
χ He need hand in his paper tomorrow.
註：need 作助動詞用時，只能用於疑問句和否定句中，沒有時態的變化，第三人稱單數不加 s，後面接沒有 to 的否定式，過去式與現在式形式上相同。例如：
Need he hand in his paper tomorrow? No, he need not.
Need he go to the farm tomorrow? No, he needn’t.
3. 昨天他必須上市場去。
ˇ He had to go to the market yesterday.
ˇ He needed to go to the market yesterday.
χ He need go to the market yesterday.
註：need 作普通動詞用時，有時態、人稱、數的變化，可以和有 to 的不定詞用於肯定句中，但用 must 或 have to 較為普遍，上列第二句不及第一句普遍。又如：He must（很少用 needs to）start early。
4. 今天用不著交報告。
ˇ You don’t have to hand in your paper today.
ˇ You must not hand in your paper today.
註：must not 是「絕對不可」、「一定不可」已見上述。「用不著」、「無庸」、「無須」應用 don’t have to 或 don’t need to （= needn’t）表達。
試比較：
You mustn’t miss the lesson, though we needn’t have it on Thursday.
（你們絕對不能缺課，雖然我們不一定會在星期四上課。）
5. 只要我們堅持做下去，最後一定會成功。
ˇ We are sure to succeed in the end so long as we keep on working.
χ We must succeed in the end so long as we keep on working.
註：受到中文影響，大家看到「一定」、「必然」往往用 must 來表達。must 表示「命令」、「義務」、「責任」，或用以推測未知的事情。若是像上例表示「將來肯定會有某種結果」，就不可用 must，應用 be sure to 或 will (surely)。觀察下列句子：
只要我們大家全力以赴，必然會克服困難的。
If only we try with all our might, we will overcome the difficulties.
If only we try with all our might, the difficulties must be overcome.
不管是什麼困難，我們一定會達成目標。
Whatever the difficulties, we will surely achieve our end.
Whatever the difficulties, we must achieve our end.
Exercises:
A. 你絕對不可以在地板上吐痰。
You __________ spit on the floor.
1. mustn’t 2. couldn’t 3. won’t 4. Wouldn’t
B. 只要他盡其全力就一定會贏。
He __________ win so long as he does his best.
1. is sure to
2. will sure
3. must
4. has to
Answers:
A. 1 B. 1
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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