1. 我是2021年受傷的。
ˇI was wounded in 2021.
χ I wounded in 2021.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
註：「受傷」在英文應用被動語態。
2. 全國各地成立了許多讀書會。
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
ˇMany reading groups have been established all over the country.
χ Many reading groups have established all over the country.
註：組織由人「成立」，應使用被動語態。
3. 這些目標一定能超越。
ˇ These targets are bound to be surpassed.
χ These targets are bound to surpass.
註：surpass 作「超越」解。中文原句中沒有明顯被動語態，但英文必須使用被動式 be surpassed。類似的還有 “… goals are sure to be achieved.”，不說 “… goals are sure to achieve”。
4. 他一點也不驚訝。
ˇHe was not at all surprised.
χ He did not surprise at all.
註：surprise 「驚訝」應使用被動語態，中文原句中沒有明顯被動語態。
5. 我國自 2018 年起擺脫了口蹄疫。
ˇOur country has been free from foot-and-mouth disease since 2018.
χ Our country has freed foot-and-mouth disease since 2018.
註： 「受傷」、「成立」、「超越」、「驚訝」及「擺脫」等在中文原句中好像並非被動語態，許多人受中文影響，在用英語表達時也用主動語態，是不對的。
Exercises
A. 他一點也不適合這個職位。
He is not __________ suitable for the position.
1. a point 2. a little 3. at all 4. but also
B. 我大學畢業已經三年了。
I have __________ college three years.
1. gone out of 2. been out of 3. graduated from
Answers: A. 3 B. 2
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蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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