1. 聽了這話,那人笑說:「你弄錯了。」
ˇ On hearing this, the man said, laughing, “You are mistaken.”
χ On hearing this, the man said, laughing, you are mistaken.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片:AdobeStock
註:you are mistaken 是主詞 the man 說的話,並非別人複述或轉述 the man 的話,應作直接引語而加引號。
2. 她說她很高興認識我。
ˇ She said that she was glad to meet me.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片:AdobeStock
ˇ She said, “I am glad to meet you.”
χ She said that “she was glad to meet me.”
註:間接引語不用引號,引號只用於直接引語。
3. 她問他,喜不喜歡跳舞。
ˇ She asked him if he liked to dance.
χ She asked him if he liked to dance?
註:一般疑問句變為間接引語時,用 if 或 whether 來引導。疑問句變為間接引語即間接問題時,句末不需用問號。
4. 他說我可以隔天再來。
ˇ He said that I could come the next day.
χ He said that I could come tomorrow.
註:在間接引語中,如敘述者的地點和時間,與說話者的地點和時間不同,則時間副詞、地點副詞和指示代名詞要作相應的變動。如 tomorrow 改為 the next day;yesterday 改為 the day before。同樣:today, tonight, last night, now, ago 應改為 the day, that night, the night before, then, before that time;here 改為 there;this, these 改為 that, those。反之,則不需變動。例如:
He said that he would come tomorrow.
(說話者與敘述者的時間相同。)
He said he would come here.
(說話者與敘述者的地點相同。)
5. 我問她,她的女兒怎麼了。
ˇ I asked her what was wrong with her daughter.
χ I asked her what’s wrong with her daughter.
註:間接引語中的動詞時態應與報告動詞(或稱先導動詞)一致。若報告動詞是過去式,則被引用句中的動詞現在式變成相應的過去式,過去式變成過去完成式,將來式變成過去將來式。
若報告動詞為現在式或將來式,則間接引語的動詞時態可以不受上述限制。例如:
He is telling me that he was born in 1940.
表示習慣、常例或普遍真理的時態也不受上述限制。例如:
He said that facts speak louder (than words).
Exercises:
A. 他說他前一天己經把那本書歸還圖書館了。
He said that he __________ the book to the library the day before.
1. had returned
2. has returned
3. have returned
4. was returned
B. 他說這個消息是假的。
He said, “The news __________ false.”
1. has
2. were
3. is
4. are
Answers: A. 1 B. 3
文章由書林出版公司提供:
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》,《英語的對與錯》,《世紀病毒:必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員;研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯,從事植物與人文導覽數十年,亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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