The dictionary definition of heroism does not usually extend to people who work anonymously, and for no money, for the reputational benefit of others. However, this is what growing numbers of largely female researchers have been doing, in an attempt to rebalance the historical record on Wikipedia in favor of women. In a relatively rare instance of one breaking cover, the British archeologist and curator Lucy Moore, who has just finished a project to add a woman from every country in the world, has called for more volunteers to roll up their sleeves and contribute.
The challenge is a large one. As of this month, the Web site said that just under 20 percent of nearly 2 million biographies on Wikipedia are of women, though this is a marked improvement on the 15.5 percent reported in an academic paper 10 years ago. That paper led to the creation of Women in Red, which now involves hundreds of volunteers around the world. Their project is to turn “red links” — marking a mention of someone for whom a page does not exist — into blue ones that lead to entries documenting their lives. This means nothing less than transforming women from the objects to the subjects of history.
NEGLECTED
Women in Red’s work has created a fascinating database in its own right of more than 200,000 people, each of whose lives are like small starbursts of light into neglected corners of history, from Dinah Whipple, an emancipated slave who created New England’s first school for black children, to Deolinda Rodrigues, an Angolan revolutionary leader, writer and broadcaster, who corresponded with Martin Luther King Jr and was executed in 1967.
The 2014 paper that inspired Women in Red also said that only 16 percent of contributors at that time were female, leading to an inevitable skew toward the interests of the 84 percent, who were largely Western and male. Hence the preponderance of great men of US and European history. The biography most overloaded with academic references remains that of Joseph Stalin.
Women have long played a part in the creation of dictionaries, though usually in poorly paid clerical roles. One exception was Elizabeth Lee, a biographer and translator, who contributed 100 entries to the Dictionary of National Biography between 1885 and 1900, some of which were waspishly lacking in the enthusiasm that drives today’s Wikipedians. None of the female staff who worked on the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary were invited to attend the dinner celebrating its completion at London’s Goldsmiths’ Hall in 1928, though a select few were allowed to observe from the minstrels’ gallery. Unsurprisingly, Walter Scott was quoted about 15,000 times, while Jane Austen’s wit made a mere 700 appearances.
DEEP POOLS
The great strength of today’s crowdsourcing is that each contributor brings their own perspective, with an impact not just on gender but on cultural and geographical spread. Although this could lead to some eccentric entries (Louis XIV’s elephant is among Women in Red’s additions), it also creates deep pools of knowledge. In science, for instance, the mathematician Gladys West, the viral immunologist Kizzy Corbett and the physicist Prineha Narang are among 2,100 entries added since 2017 by the British academic Jess Wade.
What better phenomenon to honor, in the week of International Women’s Day, than the hive heroism that is filling so many blanks in world history.
In the first year of his second term, US President Donald Trump continued to shake the foundations of the liberal international order to realize his “America first” policy. However, amid an atmosphere of uncertainty and unpredictability, the Trump administration brought some clarity to its policy toward Taiwan. As expected, bilateral trade emerged as a major priority for the new Trump administration. To secure a favorable trade deal with Taiwan, it adopted a two-pronged strategy: First, Trump accused Taiwan of “stealing” chip business from the US, indicating that if Taipei did not address Washington’s concerns in this strategic sector, it could revisit its Taiwan
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) challenges and ignores the international rules-based order by violating Taiwanese airspace using a high-flying drone: This incident is a multi-layered challenge, including a lawfare challenge against the First Island Chain, the US, and the world. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) defines lawfare as “controlling the enemy through the law or using the law to constrain the enemy.” Chen Yu-cheng (陳育正), an associate professor at the Graduate Institute of China Military Affairs Studies, at Taiwan’s Fu Hsing Kang College (National Defense University), argues the PLA uses lawfare to create a precedent and a new de facto legal
International debate on Taiwan is obsessed with “invasion countdowns,” framing the cross-strait crisis as a matter of military timetables and political opportunity. However, the seismic political tremors surrounding Central Military Commission (CMC) vice chairman Zhang Youxia (張又俠) suggested that Washington and Taipei are watching the wrong clock. Beijing is constrained not by a lack of capability, but by an acute fear of regime-threatening military failure. The reported sidelining of Zhang — a combat veteran in a largely unbloodied force and long-time loyalist of Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) — followed a year of purges within the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
On the last day of the extended legislative session on Friday last week, the Legislative Yuan, with a slight majority held by the opposition Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) and Taiwan People’s Party (TPP), continued to refuse to review the government’s annual budget for this year, which is already overdue. It was the first time in Taiwan’s constitutional history that the government budget was not reviewed in its supposed legislative session. Instead, the opposition rushed to pass three controversial bills, which many people have criticized as self-serving. Since the Executive Yuan submitted its annual budget proposal to the Legislative Yuan in August last
RSS