Fri, Apr 24, 2026 page9

• SpaceX targets in-house GPUs, warns of substantial capital expenditures

  • Reuters, NEW YORK
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  SpaceX might be tackling one of the biggest challenges in the chip business: manufacturing the keys to powering artificial intelligence (AI) called graphics processing units, or GPUs.

  Ahead of SpaceX’s US$1.75 trillion initial public offering expected this summer, the company has warned prospective investors of its big spending plans to develop AI and other technologies.

  It lists “manufacturing our own GPUs” among the “substantial capital expenditures” it is undertaking, according to excerpts of its S-1 registration.

  

  Tesla Cybertrucks are parked in front of a SpaceX installation in Starbase, Texas, on Tuesday.

  Photo: Reuters

  Companies file this document to the US Securities and Exchange Commission to disclose their risks and finances before going public.

  SpaceX did not immediately respond to a request for comment, and the size of the expected expenditure could not be determined.

  The ambition follows work by SpaceX, its xAI unit and Tesla to jointly develop the Terafab, an advanced AI chip manufacturing complex that chief executive officer Elon Musk is planning in Austin, Texas.

  Although Musk has said the project would target chips for cars, humanoid robots and space-based data centers, many details — including the types of AI chips, such as GPUs, it would produce — have been unknown.

  There are a range of approaches for chips that power AI. For example, Nvidia largely makes GPUs, which are general purpose and good at performing a wide array of data crunching tasks. Alphabet’s Google takes another approach with its tensor processing units (TPUs), which are tuned to perform specific functions, key to building AI models and running chatbots such as Anthropic’s Claude.

  It was unclear when SpaceX plans to manufacture its own chip and which companies — the Terafab developers or their partner Intel — would handle the fabrication technologies inside the plant.

  Musk told Tesla analysts on Wednesday that by the time Terafab scales up, Intel’s next-generation 14A manufacturing process “will be probably fairly mature or ready for prime time” and “seems like the right move.”

  It was also unclear if SpaceX, in its filing, used the term GPU as shorthand for AI processors generally.

  Still, the previously unreported plans for GPU production come as SpaceX warned investors that it might not have enough chip supply to power its growth.

  “We do not have long-term contracts with many of our direct chip suppliers,” SpaceX said in the S-1 registration.

  “We expect to continue sourcing a significant portion of our compute hardware from third-party suppliers, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our objectives with respect to TERAFAB within the expected timeframes, or at all,” the company said.

  Manufacturing GPUs is not easy. Industry heavyweight Nvidia pioneered GPU design and, like much of the industry, outsources their manufacture to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC, 台積電).

  TSMC has spent billions of dollars and years developing its most advanced manufacturing processes, which for cutting-edge chips require exotic materials and executing more than 1,000 steps with atomic precision. Its years of manufacturing billions of Apple’s iPhone chips have afforded it an enormous amount of the required hands-on experience to produce cutting-edge processors.

  The chip industry, as it is organized, splits steps such as fabricating, packaging and testing among several discrete companies. Musk has said the Terafab would handle each step of chip production, including the design as well.
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