Hanjin Shipping is to declare bankruptcy today, with the former titan of the global shipping industry and one of South Korea’s powerful family-run chaebol finally sinking under billions of US dollars of debt.
As it heads to a Seoul court to be delivered its last rites, the firm is bereft of assets and has just a few dozen employees — a far cry from its heady days as the country’s top sea transport company riding the waves of a booming economy.
Rocked by a slump in global trade — particularly in the past three years — and a growth slowdown in China, Hanjin filed for bankruptcy protection in August last year after creditors refused to further help it service US$5.37 billion of debt.
However, the seeds for its demise might have been sown when its owner’s widow took the helm in 2007, despite being a self-confessed housewife with no experience, and highlight dangers inherent in the chaebol that dominate South Korea.
Choi Eun-young became chief executive officer after the death of her husband, Cho Sun-ho, a son of the Hanjin Group founder Cho Choong-hoon, and soon embarked on an expansion drive while ramping up fees, buoyed by a booming shipping industry.
However, as the global financial crisis set in the company began to struggle, forcing Choi to stand down and her brother-in-law Cho Yang-ho take over in 2014.
During a parliamentary hearing in September last year into the company’s slump, Choi broke down saying: “I had no expertise as I had been stuck home as a housewife.”
However, by then the rot had begun to sink despite millions of US dollars being piled into the firm.
Its bankruptcy filing last year sent shock waves around the world, with most of its fleet of 141 ships banned from docking in the US, China and many other countries because of failure to pay ports for their services.
Chung Sun-sup, chief executive of Chaebol.com, a Web site that tracks corporate assets and practices, said the case highlights the flawed corporate governance of chaebol.
While credited with leading the country’s fast economic development over the past four decades, their father-to-son succession exposes them to growing risks in the increasingly competitive markets, Chung said.
“Chaebol members succeed on the basis of family ties rather than competence,” he said. “Choi failed to take actions before growing signs of distress that began to appear several years ago.”
“Other executives were unable to speak up” owing to the country’s rigid top-down corporate culture, Chung said.
A similar crisis of management is playing out at Samsung Electronics, South Korea’s biggest company that accounts for 17 percent of its GDP.
Its handling of last year’s Galaxy Note 7 saga, which saw it recall 2.5 million of the devices owing to exploding batteries, cost it billions of US dollars and tarnished its once-stellar reputation.
Analysts said the issue came as Samsung navigates a complex generational leadership transfer, with chairman and family patriarch Lee Kun-hee bedridden since 2014, leaving his son and heir apparent, Jay Y. Lee in charge during the disaster.
Economist Song Deok-jin said the problems have been made more stark as the founders’ grandchildren come to the fore.
Founders had the chance to educate their sons in the field, teaching them the virtue of diligence and the importance of close communications with their employees and others, but the third-generation owner-executives were often feather-bedded, being raised isolated from the ordinary world, Song said.
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