The IMF has chosen not to call the yuan “substantially” undervalued, a move that recognizes China’s efforts to free up its exchange rate and avoids friction with an increasingly influential shareholder.
The summary of an annual review of China’s policies omitted the contentious word, used by IMF managing director Dominique Strauss-Kahn as recently as last month, which has long riled Beijing.
Several members of the IMF’s 24-member executive board believed the Chinese currency was too cheap, the fund said.
But others said a structural reduction in the balance of payments surplus was already unfolding thanks to past steps to boost consumption, while others took issue with an assessment by IMF staffers that the yuan was substantially undervalued.
“This does reflect a softening in the board’s position about the degree of adjustment that is needed in the Chinese exchange rate regime,” said Eswar Prasad, a senior fellow at the Washington-based Brookings Institution and a former IMF official.
He said this was reflected in statements to the IMF board, which met on Monday, that China had already made a big move toward greater currency flexibility and progress in rebalancing demand.
Beijing dropped the yuan’s 23-month-old peg to the US dollar and reverted to a managed float on June 19. China’s trade surplus has also shrunk considerably as government efforts to pump up the economy have sucked in imports of commodities and capital goods.
The yuan has risen 0.7 percent against the dollar since it was unshackled from the US currency.
Prasad said IMF economists reckoned the yuan was still between 5 percent and 27 percent undervalued depending on the methodologies used. A diplomat in Beijing confirmed the range.
“Several directors agreed that the exchange rate is undervalued. However, a number of others disagreed with the staff’s assessment of the level of the exchange rate, noting that it is based on uncertain forecasts of the current account surplus,” the IMF said.
Prasad said IMF economists were projecting a big rebound in the current account surplus, which has fallen to about 4 percent of GDP, whereas China expected it to stay at the new, lower level.
People familiar with the board’s deliberations said representatives of the Group of Seven rich nations supported the IMF staff’s conclusions but did not specifically call the yuan “substantially” undervalued.
Reflecting the discussion, the board’s concluding statement omitted the disputed phrase.
China was so angry with the fund’s exchange rate views that it withheld cooperation on the annual review from 2007 to last year.
Beijing, though, has gradually been gaining clout in the IMF. Last year it bought US$50 billion worth of notes to beef up the fund’s capital and a deputy governor of China’s central bank, Zhu Min (朱民), has started work as a special assistant to Strauss-Kahn.
On other issues, the IMF board supported a gradual phase-out of China’s massive fiscal stimulus next year, provided the current trajectory for the economy — the IMF expects continued robust growth with benign inflation — is maintained.
Directors commended the slower pace of money growth that China is targeting this year but urged it to raise interest rates. Unlike many other Asian countries, including India on Tuesday, China has not increased borrowing costs this year.
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