Cancer survival is increasing across the world, but large gaps endure between nations, while some cancers remain hard to treat everywhere, a major review released yesterday showed.
The progress, and the gap, are especially large for childhood cancers, according to the CONCORD-3 study covering 71 nations and 18 types of cancer, published in the medical journal The Lancet.
For children with brain tumors, for example, five-year survival has improved across the board from 54 percent for the period 2000-2004, to more than 60 percent for 2010-2014.
In the US, Denmark, Sweden and Slovakia, the survival rate progressed to 80 percent or better, but in Mexico and Brazil, less than 40 percent of children diagnosed with brain tumors survived in the 2010-2014 period.
Similarly, five-year survival for the most common type of childhood cancer — acute lymphoblastic leukaemia — rose to higher than 90 percent in Canada, the US and nine European countries, but remained below 60 percent in China and Mexico.
“This likely reflects the availability and quality of diagnostic and treatment services,” the authors said in a statement.
The world has seen across-the-board progress on breast cancer, the study showed.
For women diagnosed with the disease in the US and Australia from 2010 to 2014, five-year survival was 90 percent. In 16 western European nations, the rate improved to 85 percent, and stood at 71 percent for eastern European nations. In India, breast cancer survival improved during those five years to 66 percent.
Liver and lung cancers remain quick killers in both rich and developing countries, but the past 20 years have seen some progress.
From 1995 to 2014, liver cancer survival increased in South Korea (from 11 to 27 percent), Sweden (5 to 17 percent) and Portugal (8 to 19 percent).
Similarly, lung cancer survival went up by 5 to 10 percent in 21 nations, including the UK. The most progress was seen in China (from 8 to 20 percent), Japan (23 to 33 percent) and South Korea (10 to 25 percent).
Pancreatic cancer remained highly lethal everywhere, with five-year survival rates typically under 15 percent.
“Greater international efforts are needed to understand the risk factors for this rapidly lethal cancer,” said co-author Michel Coleman, a researcher at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
Led by Claudia Allemani from the London school, the CONCORD-3 study marshalled hundreds of experts and more than 300 cancer registries covering 37.5 million cancer cases — three-quarters of all the cancers diagnosed worldwide from 2000 to 2014.
Thirty-one European countries were included, along with 17 from Asia and 13 from Latin America. Only six African nations were included, due to a lack of data.
“Despite more than 20 years of advocacy for ... fully functional cancer registries, both political and financial support remains woeful,” said Richard Sullivan, a professor at Kings Health Partners Comprehensive Cancer Centre in London.
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