Pearl Cornioley, who parachuted into France as a secret agent during World War II to help arm and organize the Resistance, has died. She was 93.
Cornioley was one of Britain's greatest agents operating behind German lines, according to historian Michael R.D. Foot, who has written extensively about British special operations in France.
Cornioley died at Blois Hospital in the Loire Valley on Feb. 24, Caroline Cottard, the secretary at her retirement home in Chateauvieux, southwest of Paris, said on Friday.
She parachuted into France in September 1943 to work as a courier for an underground unit. It was believed the Nazis were less likely to suspect a woman and she posed as a cosmetics saleswoman to deliver coded messages.
When the Nazis captured the leader of her unit in May 1944, she took over the cell in the north Indre department of the Loire River valley, about 90km southeast of the Normandy beaches.
Under the code name "Pauline," she led a 1,500-strong team in efforts to cut railway, road and telephone communications and start guerrilla operations. The Nazis put her face on posters offering a 1 million franc reward for her capture -- but she always evaded them.
In June 1944, the month of the D-Day landings, her unit interrupted the Paris-Bordeaux railway line more than 800 times and regularly attacked convoys, she wrote in her 1995 autobiography.
Born in 1916 in Paris to British parents, she was the oldest of four daughters. Her father was an alcoholic and she once returned home to find all her family's furniture on the curb.
"I don't blame life at all for having given me this difficult childhood, because it gave me the strength to fight for the rest of my life," she wrote in her autobiography.
She took a job at the British embassy in Paris to help support the family. She and her family were still in France when it fell in June 1940, but fled to London when the Germans started rounding up British citizens.
Bored by her London desk job, she volunteered for the Special Operations Executive. After seven weeks of training for armed and unarmed combat and sabotage she parachuted into France.
After the war she married Henri Cornioley, a French prisoner of war who escaped and joined the Resistance.
After the war, she was recommended for Britain's Military Cross medal, but as a woman she was not able to receive it.
Queen Elizabeth II made her a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2004 and she also received France's Legion d'Honneur.
But the award that meant the most to her came when Royal Air Force officers presented her with her parachute wings in 2006.
"I've been moaning about the fact the girls who parachuted into occupied countries were not allowed to wear the wings when we came back from the field," she said. "I thought it was an injustice and really wrong because we went through the same dangers as the men."
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