Edwin Tholley wasn't yet 10 years old -- he can't remember his exact age -- when rebel bosses in Sierra Leone first injected cocaine into his face, a quick way to get it surging into his brain. They wanted him high: an unthinking, vicious, little warrior for their campaign of terror.
Tholley's face still bears scars from the needle-pricks. Now, however, under an innovative rehabilitation program in Spain, Tholley hopes to redeem himself and save lives by studying to be a nurse, and maybe someday a doctor.
"My ambition is to help others," said Tholley, 20, one of four Sierra Leone natives brought here by Todos Son Inocentes (They Are All Innocent), a Spanish aid agency that works with children in war zones.
"All of us are responsible," Tholley said. "We have to make this effort."
The UN says at least 250,000 children are used as fighters in about a dozen conflicts in Africa, Asia and South America.
Once their missions are over, they bear scars far deeper than needle marks.
Job training is offered combatants in Sierra Leone and Liberia, another West African country which also used child soldiers. The problem, experts say, is that jobs are scarce for such rehabilitated men.
The Spanish program is different because the training is in advanced skills -- two of Tholley's colleagues will study agronomy -- giving the men expertise that fills shortfalls in destitute countries like Sierra Leone.
"It's a big opportunity for me to study agriculture here in Spain. I'm sure after my course I will try the best I can to help the people of my country," said another of the students, Victor Young, 23, who smiles big but then, like the others, avoids talking about his days as a child soldier.
"Let the past be the past," Young said, staring at the ground. "It's a difficult process to regain peace again."
"War is the worst. We've recovered and all we want is think about the future," said Gabriel Kamara, 20, who is also studying to become a nurse.
Kamara said he got cocaine injections too. Rebel commanders would cut a gash into his upper arm and rub it with cocaine to render him high, brutish and fierce.
Before these men set foot in Spain, their only contact with the country came from ammunition and weapons etched with the words "Made in Spain."
The group arrived early last month in Almeria, a southern port city. The rehab program takes four years and is being sponsored jointly by the Todos Son Inocentes, the University of Almeria and the regional government.
In less than a month the men have become celebrities, invited to everything from media interviews on their experiences to concerts and soccer matches. Their home is a youth hostel close to the beach.
"For them being in Spain is like a fairy tale," said Miguel Serrano, head of Todos Son Inocentes, who selected them in their homeland and brought them to Spain after overcoming many hurdles with Sierra Leone's often-corrupt bureaucracy.
Serrano said he picked these four because they got good marks in high school, had strong family ties and a firm vocation to helping rebuild their country. Six more Sierra Leone natives are to come next year, including two women -- also former child soldiers -- who will study to become midwives.
"They had to be totally convinced that their goal was not to reach Spain, that the goal is to go back and work there, getting involved in improving conditions of the people and children in their home country," Serrano said.
In fact, those who sign up for this program must commit to returning home after completing their studies.
Sierra Leone remains plagued by poverty and crime, with a per capita income of about US$220 per year, the World Bank says.
Although the country is rich in natural resources and minerals, particularly diamonds, the 1991-2002 war brought mineral extraction and agricultural production almost to a standstill.
It has one of the world's lowest life expectancy rates, just 39 years, and only an estimated 20 percent of adults are literate.
Sierra Leone also has the world's highest rate of child mortality: nearly 300 per 1,000 for children up to age five, the WHO says.
Experts say child soldiers often grow up to become abusive parents and criminals.
But Serrano and others say that with help and lot of tenderness, these war-damaged children can become responsible adults.
Far from the violence ravaging Haiti, a market on the border with the Dominican Republic has maintained a welcome degree of normal everyday life. At the Dajabon border gate, a wave of Haitians press forward, eager to shop at the twice-weekly market about 200km from Haiti’s capital, Port-au-Prince. They are drawn by the market’s offerings — food, clothing, toys and even used appliances — items not always readily available in Haiti. However, with gang violence bad and growing ever worse in Haiti, the Dominican government has reinforced the usual military presence at the border and placed soldiers on alert. While the market continues to
An image of a dancer balancing on the words “China Before Communism” looms over Parisian commuters catching the morning metro, signaling the annual return of Shen Yun, a controversial spectacle of traditional Chinese dance mixed with vehement criticism of Beijing and conservative rhetoric. The Shen Yun Performing Arts company has slipped the beliefs of a spiritual movement called Falun Gong in between its technicolored visuals and leaping dancers since 2006, with advertising for the show so ubiquitous that it has become an Internet meme. Founded in 1992, Falun Gong claims nearly 100 million followers and has been subject to “persistent persecution” in
ONLINE VITRIOL: While Mo Yan faces a lawsuit, bottled water company Nongfu Spring and Tsinghua University are being attacked amid a rise in nationalist fervor At first glance, a Nobel prize winning author, a bottle of green tea and Beijing’s Tsinghua University have little in common, but in recent weeks they have been dubbed by China’s nationalist netizens as the “three new evils” in the fight to defend the country’s valor in cyberspace. Last month, a patriotic blogger called Wu Wanzheng filed a lawsuit against China’s only Nobel prize-winning author, Mo Yan (莫言), accusing him of discrediting the Communist army and glorifying Japanese soldiers in his fictional works set during the Japanese invasion of China. Wu, who posts online under the pseudonym “Truth-Telling Mao Xinghuo,” is seeking
‘SURPRISES’: The militants claim to have successfully tested a missile capable of reaching Mach 8 and vowed to strike ships heading toward the Cape of Good Hope Yemen’s Houthi rebels claim to have a new, hypersonic missile in their arsenal, Russia’s state media reported on Thursday, potentially raising the stakes in their attacks on shipping in the Red Sea and surrounding waterways against the backdrop of Israel’s war with Hamas in the Gaza Strip. The report by the state-run RIA Novosti news agency cited an unidentified official, but provided no evidence for the claim. It comes as Moscow maintains an aggressively counter-Western foreign policy amid its grinding war on Ukraine. However, the Houthis have for weeks hinted about “surprises” they plan for the battles at sea to counter the