It is one of the world's most baffling puzzles, the bane of professional cryptologists and amateur sleuths who have spent 15 years trying to solve it.
But the race to find the secrets of Kryptos, a sculpture inside a courtyard at the CIA's heavily guarded headquarters in Langley, Virginia, may be reaching a climax.
And interest has soared since Dan Brown hid references to Kryptos on the cover design for his bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code, and suggested it might play a role in his next novel, The Solomon Key.
The Kryptos sculpture incorporates a coded message made up of thousands of letters punched through a nearly 4m high copper scroll.
Though it was installed where only CIA agents and cryptographers could see it, amateur code-breakers have worked away on transcripts posted on the CIA's website.
Three-quarters of the code has been broken, and the deciphered message so far appears to point to something momentous buried on CIA grounds.
But the clues are obscure and the fourth passage of the Kryptos code -- known as K4 to the addicted -- has remained impenetrable.
However, Elonka Dunin, who runs the most comprehensive website on Kryptos (www.elonka.com/kryptos) said recent activity has surged.
"My baseline was about 500-600 unique visitors a day. But I recently got 30,000 over a 24-hour period," said Dunin, an executive at a Missouri-based internet game company, Simutronics.
No one is more amazed at the sudden excitement than Kryptos's creator, Jim Sanborn, who was hired in 1989 by the CIA director at the time, William Webster. Sanborn worked with a CIA cryptographer, Ed Scheidt, to produce the coded sculpture, consisting of the S-shaped copper scroll, a petrified tree, a water-filled basin and stones marked with fragments of Morse code and a compass. Placing it in the thick of many of the best code-breakers in the world, they never thought it would take this long.
"These were events I thought would take months not years,"Sanborn, a Washington-based sculptor, commented.
The references to Kryptos on the jacket of The Da Vinci Code were only spotted recently. Now Sanborn is worried that the religious and spiritual overtones of Brown's books could settle on his sculpture.
"Somehow I've been drawn into that vortex," he said.
With that in mind, Sanborn is taking precautions.
"I have taken all Kryptos-related material from my house and studio," he said. "The crypto' world has its share of crazies."
It took eight years for the first three Kryptos passages to be cracked, by a CIA officer named David Stein, after a total of 400 hours with pen and paper.
He was hit, he later wrote "by that sweetly ecstatic, rare experience that I have heard described as a `moment of clarity.'"
This being the CIA, the solution was kept a secret, but it was solved separately by Jim Gillogly, a California computer scientist, who published the first three passages in 1999.
They both used the same method, relying on the fact that the English language uses letters with varying frequencies, allowing code-breakers to calculate which ciphers represent which letters.
The fourth passage has been masked to make that impossible. So far, Gillogly, one of America's best cryptologists, says he has spent "a couple of hundred hours spread over six years" on the 97 remaining letters, with no success.
The solution so far includes a couple of misspellings which Sanborn has said are deliberate.
It gives the coordinates of a spot which seems to be on CIA grounds, and says "only WW" knows the exact location, an apparent reference to William Webster.
It then quotes the diary entry of the archaeologist Howard Carter on finding Tutankhamen's tomb.
After completing the sculpture, Sanborn had to hand Webster an envelope containing the solution, but now suggests he gave neither Webster nor Scheidt, the full story. He insists the fourth passage is decipherable and would not be surprised if it were solved soon. "It's being barraged right now," he said.
Some of the "addicts" are going to remarkable lengths to solve Kryptos.
Gary Phillips, 27, said he had abandoned his software company so that he could devote more time to the code puzzle.
"I can see how some might perceive that I made a sacrifice by closing my business and pursuing Kryptos," Phillips, a Michigan programmer, said.
Sanborn admits he would feel a tinge of regret if Kryptos is solved. He said: "All of us should hope it does survive. There are codes in all our lives that we hope are never deciphered."
BACKLASH: The National Party quit its decades-long partnership with the Liberal Party after their election loss to center-left Labor, which won a historic third term Australia’s National Party has split from its conservative coalition partner of more than 60 years, the Liberal Party, citing policy differences over renewable energy and after a resounding loss at a national election this month. “Its time to have a break,” Nationals leader David Littleproud told reporters yesterday. The split shows the pressure on Australia’s conservative parties after Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s center-left Labor party won a historic second term in the May 3 election, powered by a voter backlash against US President Donald Trump’s policies. Under the long-standing partnership in state and federal politics, the Liberal and National coalition had shared power
CONTROVERSY: During the performance of Israel’s entrant Yuval Raphael’s song ‘New Day Will Rise,’ loud whistles were heard and two people tried to get on stage Austria’s JJ yesterday won the Eurovision Song Contest, with his operatic song Wasted Love triumphing at the world’s biggest live music television event. After votes from national juries around Europe and viewers from across the continent and beyond, JJ gave Austria its first victory since bearded drag performer Conchita Wurst’s 2014 triumph. After the nail-biting drama as the votes were revealed running into yesterday morning, Austria finished with 436 points, ahead of Israel — whose participation drew protests — on 357 and Estonia on 356. “Thank you to you, Europe, for making my dreams come true,” 24-year-old countertenor JJ, whose
A documentary whose main subject, 25-year-old photojournalist Fatima Hassouna, was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Gaza weeks before it premiered at Cannes stunned viewers into silence at the festival on Thursday. As the cinema lights came back on, filmmaker Sepideh Farsi held up an image of the young Palestinian woman killed with younger siblings on April 16, and encouraged the audience to stand up and clap to pay tribute. “To kill a child, to kill a photographer is unacceptable,” Farsi said. “There are still children to save. It must be done fast,” the exiled Iranian filmmaker added. With Israel
Africa has established the continent’s first space agency to boost Earth observation and data sharing at a time when a more hostile global context is limiting the availability of climate and weather information. The African Space Agency opened its doors last month under the umbrella of the African Union and is headquartered in Cairo. The new organization, which is still being set up and hiring people in key positions, is to coordinate existing national space programs. It aims to improve the continent’s space infrastructure by launching satellites, setting up weather stations and making sure data can be shared across
RSS