Sat, Oct 18, 2008 page13

• WEEKEND SCIENCE: Static electricity 週末科學版: Separating salt and pepper 篩離鹽和胡椒粉

  Welcome to Weekend Science! Every Saturday we’re going to guide you through some cool experiments that you can do at home. It’s a good idea for you to keep a record of what you do in a Science Journal. That way you can record what you learn, compare results and maybe use them to design new experiments! Remember to always ask a grown-up’s permission before trying out an experiment.

  歡迎閱讀《週末科學版》！我們每週六都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中記錄自己做了哪些活動，這樣就可以將所學的記錄下來，比較這些結果，也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗！先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前，記得要獲得大人許可喔！

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  If somebody told you to mix salt and pepper together, that would be easy. But what would you do if they told you separate them? You might consider taking a pair of tweezers and carefully separating them grain by grain. That method would work, but it would take you hours. Luckily there’s an easier way and it’s not just a lot quicker — it will also teach you an important principle of chemistry.

  如果有人要你把鹽巴和胡椒粉混在一起，那很簡單。但若是要你把鹽巴和胡椒粉分開呢？你可能會想拿一支鑷子，一粒一粒地把它們分開。那方法固然可行，卻可能花上你好幾個小時。幸好，我們有一種更簡單的方式，不僅可以節省許多時間，也可以讓你學會一個重要的化學原理。

  What you will need: salt, pepper, a funnel, filter paper, a spatula, a kettle and two glass jars

  

  Workers fill bags with salt at a salt mine in Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela, March 5, 2008.  三月五日，委內瑞拉祖利亞州馬拉開波市一處鹽礦的工人裝填一袋袋海鹽。 照片：歐新社

  PHOTO: EPA

  (JOHN PHILLIPS, STAFF WRITER)

  實驗所需：鹽、胡椒粉、一個漏斗、濾紙、一把抹刀、一個水壺和兩個玻璃罐

  （翻譯：袁星塵）

   

  CREATE THE MIXTURE 製作混合物

  Step 1: Find a suitable area to conduct the experiment, then gather the materials. This experiment involves boiling water, so you might need a parent around to help you.

  Step 2: Mix a quarter cup of salt with a quarter cup of pepper in your jar. Stir with the spatula until they are completely mixed.

  Step 3: Fill the kettle with water and boil it. Pour the boiling water into the jar with the salt and pepper mixture. Be very careful or ask a parent to do this for you. Stir the mixture.

  步驟一：找一個適合進行實驗的地方，然後準備好所需材料。這個實驗會用到滾水，所以需要家長從旁協助。

  步驟二：在罐子裡加入四分之一杯的鹽和四分之一杯的胡椒粉。用抹刀充分攪拌到完全混合。

  步驟三：將水壺裝滿水，然後煮沸。將沸騰的水倒入裝有鹽巴和胡椒粉混合物的罐中。這裡要非常小心，或請家長幫忙做這個步驟。攪拌混合物。

  SEPARATE THE MIXTURE 篩離混合物

  Step 1: Put the filter paper into the funnel, and then put them both in an empty jar. Take the jar containing the mixture and slowly pour it into the funnel. Do this very slowly.

  Step 2: When all the mixture has been transferred to the jar, take a good look at the filter paper. There should be particles on the paper. What do you think they are?

  Step 3: Scrape the particles off the filter paper and transfer them to the empty jar.

  Step 4: Put the jars on a baking tray and then put them in an oven and heat until all the water has evaporated. When the jars have cooled down, examine the contents. One jar will contain salt, and the other one will contain pepper!

  步驟一：把濾紙放入漏斗中，然後將這個裝有濾紙的漏斗放進在一個空罐子裡。接著把裝有混合物那個罐子內的混合物緩緩倒入漏斗中，要很緩慢地倒。

  步驟二：當混合物全都被倒入罐中後，仔細觀察濾紙，紙上應該會有一些顆粒。你覺得它們是什麼？

  步驟三：把這些顆粒從濾紙上刮下來，放入另一個空罐中。

  步驟四：把這兩個罐子放到烤盤上，放入烤箱，然後加熱至所有水份都蒸發。等罐子冷卻後，檢驗其內容物。其中一個罐子裡會是鹽巴，另一個則是胡椒粉！

  HOW IT WORKS 實驗原理

  The principle behind this experiment is solubility. Solubility refers to the ability of a solid to dissolve in water or other liquid. The chemical that dissolves is called the solute, the liquid that causes it to dissolve is called the solvent, while the final mixture is called the solution.

  From this experiment, we can conclude that salt is water-soluble because it dissolved in the hot water. The pepper is not water-soluble which is why it got caught on the filter paper.

  這個實驗背後的原理是可溶性。可溶性指的就是固體溶於水或其他液體中的能力。被溶解的化學分子稱為溶質，溶解化學分子的液體稱為溶劑，最後的混合物則稱為溶液。

  從這個實驗中，我們可以得到一個結論，就是鹽是溶於水的，因為它在熱水中會被溶解，而胡椒粉是不溶於水的，因此會留在濾紙上。

   

   

   

  For your information

  TODAY’S WORDS 今日單字

  1. grain n. 細粒 (xi4 li4) 2. transfer v.i./v.t. 轉換 (zhuan3 huan4) 3. content n. 內容物 (nei4 rong2 wu4) 4. solubility n. 可溶性 (ke3 rong2 xing4) 5. dissolve v.i./v.t. 溶解 (rong2 jie3) 6. solute n. 溶質 (rong2 zhi2) 7. solution n. 溶液 (rong2 yi4)
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