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Sunday Science: Making a water filter 週日科學：自製濾水器
Welcome to Sunday Science! Every Sunday, we're going to guide you through some cool experiments that you can do at home. It's a good idea for you to keep a record of what you do in a Science Journal. That way you can record what you learn, compare results and maybe use them to design new experiments! Have a look at the Science Journal box for some ideas to get you started. Remember to always ask a grown-up's permission before trying out an experiment.
歡迎閱讀《週日科學版》！我們每週日都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中 記錄自己做了哪些活動，這樣就可以將所學的紀錄下來，比較這些結果，也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗！先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前，記得要獲得大人許可喔！
Sunday, Mar 09, 2008,Page 14
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照片：MICHAEL KEARNEY
PHOTO: MICHAEL KEARNEY, TAIPEI TIMES
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What would you do if you were trapped on a deserted island and there was no clean water to drink? You'd have to make a water filter!
What you will need:
A water bottle
A pitcher
Scissors or a knife
Cotton
Gravel
Sand
Cooking oil
Dirt
★ Have an adult help you cut the water bottle into half horizontally.
★ Rinse the cotton, gravel and sand.
★ Put some of the cotton into the top half of the water bottle you cut into two.
★ Put some of the gravel on top of the cotton.
★ Put some of the sand on top of the gravel.
★ Make some dirty water in the pitcher. Use tap water, and add things like cooking oil and dirt.
★ Use the bottom half of the water bottle you cut into two to collect water. Pour some of the dirty water into your filter.
★ The water that comes out of the filter should be much cleaner than the dirty water you poured in (note that it might not be crystal clear). No matter how clean the water looks, however, don't drink it (unless you really are trapped on a deserted island and you have no other water). Don't forget to record your observations in your science journal.
(MICHAEL KEARNEY, STAFF WRITER)
假如你被困在一個荒島上，那裡沒有乾淨的水可以喝，你要怎麼辦？你可得自己做一個濾水器！
所需材料︰
一個水瓶
一個大水壺
一把剪刀或刀子
棉花
小碎石
沙子
沙拉油
泥土
★ 請一個大人幫你把水瓶橫向剪成一半。
★ 將棉花、小碎石和沙子沖洗一下。
★ 將若干棉花放入你剛剪成兩半的瓶子上半截。
★ 在棉花上放一些小碎石。
★ 在小碎石上放一些沙子。
★ 在大水壺裡裝自來水，再加入一些像是沙拉油、泥土的東西製造出髒水。
★ 用你剛剪成兩半的水瓶下半截裝水，然後把髒水倒入你的濾水器中。
★ 從濾水器流出來的水應該比你倒入的髒水乾淨許多（注意：可能不是完全清澈的淨水）；無論倒出來的水看起來有多乾淨，請不要拿來喝（除非你真的被困在荒島，附近沒有其他水源）。別忘了在《科學日誌》裡記下你的觀察。
（翻譯︰袁星塵）
| SCIENCE JOURNAL 科學日誌 |
| What kind of things does the filter do a good job of removing from the dirty water? What doesn't the filter remove well? Do you think the filter is able to remove bacteria from the water? What happens if you end up drinking the wrong kind of bacteria?
濾水器能有效過濾出髒水中的什麼東西？濾水器無法過濾什麼？你覺得濾水器能夠過濾出水中的細菌嗎？若是你喝下壞菌會發生什麼事呢？ |
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| VOCABULARY 今日單字 |
| 1. deserted adj.
空無一人的 (kong1 wu2 yi4 ren2 de5)
2. filter n.
濾器 (lu4 qi4)
3. pitcher n.
水壺 (shui3 hu2)
4. cotton n.
棉花 (mian2 hua1)
5. gravel n.
碎石 (sui4 shi2)
6. horizontally adv.
水平地 (shui3 ping2 de5)
7. crystal clear adj.
清澈的 (qing1 che4 de5)
8. bacteria n.
細菌 (xi4 jun4)
9. particle n.
顆粒 (ke1 li4)
10. valuable adj.
有用的 (you3 yong4 de5)
11. water purifying tablet n. phr.
淨水錠 (jing4 shui3 ding4)
12. chlorine n.
氯 (lu4)
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| WHAT'S THE SCIENCE? 科學原理 |
| The filter we made is very good at filtering out large particles. It should also be able to filter out most small particles. If a lot of particles still pass through, you might need to filter the water a second time or add another layer of sand and gravel. The filter isn't as effective at filtering food coloring out of the water.
Bacteria are very small. If there are bacteria in the water, there's a very good chance they passed through the filter. That's a good reason not to drink the water.
我們製作的濾水器不但能有效過濾大型顆粒，也能濾掉大部份的小型微粒；若是過濾出來的水中還有很多微粒，你可能得再過濾一次，或是多加一層碎石和沙子。這個濾水器無法有效過濾水中的食用色素。
細菌極小，若水中有細菌，它們極有可能會通過濾水器，這也就是為什麼我們請你不要喝那杯水的原因。 |
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