China marks 70 years of Communist rule tomorrow, with a massive military parade in Beijing anchoring celebrations of its emergence as a global superpower, despite a damaging year of trade tensions with the US and pro-democracy unrest in Hong Kong.
The anniversary is meant to showcase China’s extraordinary rise from the ravages of war and famine to a modern, powerful nation state whose economic and military muscle is viewed by many with increasing concern.
This stunning transformation radically altered the social and physical landscape as hundreds of millions of rural Chinese poured into booming cities to power the “factory of the world” into the globe’s second largest economy.
Photo: Bloomberg
Tomorrow’s military procession across Tiananmen Square will showcase the army’s most advanced weaponry, including 160 aircraft, in a bid to drum up patriotic fervour and support for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with President Xi Jinping (習近平) at the center.
But the planned narrative has been disrupted by months of unrest in Hong Kong, a painful US trade war, international criticism of human rights abuses against Muslim minorities in Xinjiang, and soaring food prices.
Security has been ramped up ahead of the parade, with facial recognition, ID checks and searches for those entering Beijing by car, toy weapon sales banned and flying kites forbidden.
Roads have closed on weekend evenings for tanks to roll through in rehearsal. Fighter planes have roared in formation overhead.
Hundreds of thousands of government workers and students have been marching in practice, a participant telling the state-run Global Times they were given adult diapers as there was no time to take toilet breaks.
Twitter-like Weibo has been removing content that “distorts” the official narrative of history, while at least one human rights activist said that he was being forcibly sent out of Beijing during the celebrations.
“Xi and the CCP’s grip on power is strong. They have complete control over the media and more importantly the police and military,” said Eleanor Olcott, China policy analyst at research firm TS Lombard.
“The CCP, throughout their 70-year leadership of China, have inculcated a strong ethno-nationalism that remains the bedrock of their legitimacy and popularity.”
‘REJUVENATION’ UNDER XI
It hasn’t been a smooth 70 years since Chairman Mao Zedong (毛澤東) founded the People’s Republic of China on Oct. 1, 1949. The Party promised to serve a people worn down by years of poverty, a brutal war with Japan and civil war.
Mao implemented years of reform, collectivising farmland and rapidly reworking social and economic structures.
But the country was plunged into years of famine — some estimate as many as 45 million died during Mao’s disastrous policy known as the Great Leap Forward.
China then spiralled into the decade-long Cultural Revolution where thousands were imprisoned, persecuted or died.
After Mao’s death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping (鄧小平) started a period of opening up and economic reform, leading to breakneck growth and development.
But the party has maintained its authoritarian ways, sending soldiers and tanks to quash pro-democracy protests at Tiananmen Square in 1989
Since taking office in 2012, Xi has extinguished any hopes of political reforms, tightening his grip on power, cracking down on civil society and removing presidential term limits to become the country’s most powerful leader since Mao.
“Only with the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics can we lead China toward prosperity and strength,” Xi said at an exhibition on the anniversary last week, according to official media.
TROUBLED HORIZON
The anniversary comes in a very bad year for Xi.
The US-China trade spat threatens to pummel the global economy, while African swine fever has sent the price of pork — the country’s staple — soaring.
The biggest challenge has been months of unrest in semi-autonomous Hong Kong, a former British colony ruled under a “one country, two systems” policy that gives citizens liberties unseen on the mainland.
Pro-democracy protesters claim those rights are being eroded and have openly criticized Beijing — provoking fears China could resort to a heavy-handed intervention.
Slowing Economy
For Xi, the crises have left him with limited room to act and simultaneously shore up support at home in a slowing domestic economy.
“Staggering economic growth alone is no longer seen as a panacea to surmount all of the challenges faced by the party,” said Yu Jie, senior research fellow at Chatham House.
“Rather, the ruling party is required to answer a puzzle that is key both to economic progress and its own position — how to manage the risks involved in a debt-addicted economy without reducing the disposable income of the ordinary people,” she said.
But most experts agree there are no serious challenges to Xi’s control, and some challenges have even been repurposed to support the country’s ideological aims, warning of anti-China forces.
“They are events on the periphery of the Chinese nation and ones that the majority of the mainland population support the government on,” said Olcott.
She said Xi will use the anniversary to send a message that “the Party and the Chinese nation can get through the hard times in order to emerge a stronger country.”
In late October of 1873 the government of Japan decided against sending a military expedition to Korea to force that nation to open trade relations. Across the government supporters of the expedition resigned immediately. The spectacle of revolt by disaffected samurai began to loom over Japanese politics. In January of 1874 disaffected samurai attacked a senior minister in Tokyo. A month later, a group of pro-Korea expedition and anti-foreign elements from Saga prefecture in Kyushu revolted, driven in part by high food prices stemming from poor harvests. Their leader, according to Edward Drea’s classic Japan’s Imperial Army, was a samurai
The following three paragraphs are just some of what the local Chinese-language press is reporting on breathlessly and following every twist and turn with the eagerness of a soap opera fan. For many English-language readers, it probably comes across as incomprehensibly opaque, so bear with me briefly dear reader: To the surprise of many, former pop singer and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) ex-lawmaker Yu Tien (余天) of the Taiwan Normal Country Promotion Association (TNCPA) at the last minute dropped out of the running for committee chair of the DPP’s New Taipei City chapter, paving the way for DPP legislator Su
It’s hard to know where to begin with Mark Tovell’s Taiwan: Roads Above the Clouds. Having published a travelogue myself, as well as having contributed to several guidebooks, at first glance Tovell’s book appears to inhabit a middle ground — the kind of hard-to-sell nowheresville publishers detest. Leaf through the pages and you’ll find them suffuse with the purple prose best associated with travel literature: “When the sun is low on a warm, clear morning, and with the heat already rising, we stand at the riverside bike path leading south from Sanxia’s old cobble streets.” Hardly the stuff of your
Located down a sideroad in old Wanhua District (萬華區), Waley Art (水谷藝術) has an established reputation for curating some of the more provocative indie art exhibitions in Taipei. And this month is no exception. Beyond the innocuous facade of a shophouse, the full three stories of the gallery space (including the basement) have been taken over by photographs, installation videos and abstract images courtesy of two creatives who hail from the opposite ends of the earth, Taiwan’s Hsu Yi-ting (許懿婷) and Germany’s Benjamin Janzen. “In 2019, I had an art residency in Europe,” Hsu says. “I met Benjamin in the lobby