George Dombek pays rent on his 130m2 light-filled studio at 20 Jay St with his paintings, which lately focus on water towers and upside-down tin pails on posts.
The Galapagos Art Space will pay around US$20 per square meter a year when it moves into a 102-year-old, 929m2 former stable at 16 Main St this spring.
St Ann's Warehouse, a performance space in an old spice-milling factory at 38 Water St, pays no rent at all.
Some 1,000 artists and arts organizations are now working in the Dumbo section of Brooklyn, courtesy of the developers David Walentas and his son, Jed, partners in Two Trees Management. Operating on the principle that cultural ferment makes a neighborhood hot, Two Trees has offered creative people rents that they cannot refuse.
"It adds value to any neighborhood," David Walentas said in an interview at a conference table in his unflashy Dumbo office. "It's like good architecture. Good architecture is cheap and adds value. People will pay a premium for it."
Yet given the pace of gentrification, the future of the neighborhood's artists - and of Dumbo's artistic character - remains uncertain. Two months after Dumbo, named for its area Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass, was designated a landmark in December, the City Planning Department proposed last week that the neighborhood be rezoned to allow taller buildings in high-density areas. Dumbo is historically considered to be the area between the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges and between the East River and Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, but blocks on the other side of the Manhattan Bridge are now often considered part of the area.
Mitchell Moss, a professor of urban policy and planning at New York University, gives David Walentas points for figuring out how to make a neighborhood vital. "He understands that you have to have creative energy," Moss said. "This is an intelligent and strategic move."
But some artists are troubled by the notion of developers using artists to help invigorate or market a neighborhood even as artists are priced out of more established areas.
"This really represents the broader picture, where cities are becoming impossible places for creative producers to live and work, where the notions of loft living and 'bohemian' become selling points in the development of real estate," the artist Barbara Kruger said. "Artists have nowhere else to turn so they take those work spaces. It's their work to make the neighborhood cool; then they can be moved out."
Other artists say David Walentas has a long-term commitment to culture in Dumbo and is simply speeding along a process that can't easily happen on its own because of rising commercial real-estate prices. "He's doing artificially what used to happen naturally over a longer period of time, like forcing a tulip bulb," said the artist Chuck Close, who serves on the board of the Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation, which is based in Dumbo. "It doesn't happen organically the way it used to. Now you need a break."
"Clearly, he wants to make a buck," he added. "But it's community building."
The Two Trees developers, who own about 280,000m2 of property in Dumbo, tell their tenants that they will try to find other places for them in the area if their spaces are sold or developed. But they make no guarantees.
"Things change," David Walentas said. "Some will stay, some will die, some will move, some will go out of business. We can't solve all their problems.
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