Tightening control over efforts to manage the upheaval in Hong Kong, the Chinese leadership has set up a crisis command center on the mainland side of the border and is considering replacing its official liaison to the restive semi-autonomous territory, people familiar with the matter said.
As violent protests roil Hong Kong, top Chinese leaders in the past few months have been managing their response from a villa on the outskirts of Shenzhen, bypassing the formal bureaucracy through which Beijing has supervised the financial hub for two decades.
Ordinarily, communications between Beijing and Hong Kong are conducted through a Chinese government body: the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in Hong Kong. The office is housed in a Hong Kong skyscraper stacked with surveillance cameras, ringed by steel barricades and topped by a reinforced glass globe.
Illustration: Mountain People
In a sign of dissatisfaction with the office’s handling of the crisis, Beijing is considering potential replacements for the body’s director, Wang Zhimin (王志民), two people familiar with the situation said.
Wang is the most senior mainland political official stationed in Hong Kong.
The office has come in for criticism in Hong Kong and China for misjudging the situation in the territory.
“The Liaison Office has been mingling with the rich people and mainland elites in the city and isolated itself from the people,” a Chinese official said. “This needs to be changed.”
The office might face increased pressure after voters on Sunday delivered a resounding defeat to pro-Beijing parties in Hong Kong district elections. Pro-democracy candidates won almost 90 percent of the seats, securing their first ever majority after running a campaign against Beijing’s perceived encroachments on Hong Kong’s liberties.
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Office in Hong Kong called the report “false,” without elaborating, in a statement posted on its Web site on Tuesday.
“No matter how the situation in Hong Kong changes, the Chinese government’s determination to safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests is unwavering,” it said.
The statement said that China was committed to the “one country, two systems” policy that governs Hong Kong’s affairs and was opposed to “external forces” interfering in the territory’s affairs.
The Chinese State Council’s Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office and the liaison office in Hong Kong did not reply to faxed requests for comment.
The office of Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam (林鄭月娥) declined to comment for this story.
The crisis center is in the secluded Bauhinia Villa (紫荊山莊), a property owned by the liaison office, according to sources and official media, and named after the orchid that adorns the Hong Kong flag and currency. Being just across Hong Kong’s border with the mainland, it has served as a crisis center before: Senior Chinese officials stayed at the resort during the pro-democracy Occupy Central protests that rocked Hong Kong in 2014.
Top mainland officials have been gathering at the leafy compound to plot strategy and issue instructions aimed at defusing the crisis, according to six people familiar with the matter.
Beijing authorities have been summoning key Hong Kong officials to meet at the villa during the five months of the increasingly violent anti-government protests, the sources said.
Among those who have attended is embattled Lam, two of the people said.
In September, Lam dramatically scrapped the controversial extradition bill that had ignited the protests, with approval by China’s top leadership.
Hong Kong police officials, business leaders and local pro-Beijing politicians have been summoned to the villa as well, the sources said.
In an indication of the operation’s importance, Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) is receiving daily written briefings from Bauhinia Villa, two officials and another person familiar with the operation said.
The mainland Chinese and Hong Kong officials interviewed for this article spoke on condition of anonymity, citing the sensitivity of the matter.
A Shenzhen businessman with close ties to Chinese officials described the villa complex as a “frontline command center” that authorities are using as a base for coordinating and monitoring the Hong Kong situation in a secure environment.
The complex is “packed with people,” the businessman said.
The establishment of the Shenzhen villa as a crisis center with a channel to Xi points to the gravity and delicacy of the situation in Hong Kong, diplomats said.
Mass protests erupted in June over an extradition bill that would have allowed individuals to be sent for trial to the mainland, where justice is controlled by the Chinese Communist Party. Beijing wants to restore order in Hong Kong, but without being seen to be calling the shots.
Although the extradition bill has been killed, the protests have grown angrier, powered by a broad perception that Beijing is meddling improperly in the territory’s affairs and by complaints of police brutality. Hong Kong is governed under a charter that grants British-style rule of law until 2047 and its high degree of autonomy is widely seen as key to its prosperity as an international financial hub.
Hong Kong and mainland officials say that the police response has been measured and that any violence has been initiated by extreme protesters.
The lakeside setting of the villa, in a wooded neighborhood, enables Beijing and Hong Kong officials to meet away from the glare of the Hong Kong media and the chaos of the territory’s protest-clogged streets.
The use of Bauhinia Villa to manage the crisis sets up a supplementary channel to the system Beijing put in place to oversee Hong Kong after China regained control of the territory from Britain in 1997.
The liaison office, which reports to the Chinese State Council, has long served as the platform for Beijing to radiate its influence in the territory. The office fosters relationships with the Hong Kong government as well as establishment figures, and an array of pro-Beijing and youth groups, including business and clan associations from Chinese provinces and regions.
“The Hong Kong situation has increasingly made Beijing authorities uncomfortable,” said Sonny Lo (盧兆興), a veteran Hong Kong political commentator.
Their desire for security and discretion is “the reason they select Shenzhen rather than Hong Kong as a kind of parallel headquarters in dealing with the Hong Kong crisis,” Lo said.
Senior Chinese officials initially tried to find a middle ground between not capitulating to the demands of the protesters, while trying to avoid a bloody crackdown that could damage the city’s stature as a business center, according to three of the people familiar with the Bauhinia operation.
Beijing sought to give the impression that it was not intervening in Hong Kong, even after 1 million people took to the streets on June 9, the people said.
However, shortly after that show of mass defiance, Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng (韓正), the senior-most Chinese leader in charge of Hong Kong affairs, took action.
Han authorized Lam to communicate directly with his office, rather than going through the liaison office, according to a person briefed on the matter, effectively establishing a hotline.
Subsequently, vice minister-level officials with the Chinese ministries of public security and state security, the Cyberspace Administration of China and other departments visited the villa, three of the sources said, an indication of just how seriously Beijing took the situation.
The two most senior Chinese leaders overseeing Hong Kong have been using Bauhinia Villa to deal more closely with the local leaders of the restive territory, while remaining behind the scenes.
One is Zhang Xiaoming (張曉明), the head of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, which sits under China’s top policymaking body, the State Council.
He has been a regular presence at the villa during the crisis, according to two sources who met with him there.
A third person who met Zhang at Bauhinia Villa said that Zhang spoke in detail about the now-shelved extradition bill and its importance, as well as subsequent attempts by Beijing to quell the unrest.
The other is Han himself. A day after Hong Kong protesters blocked access to the Hong Kong legislature on June 12, Han arrived at Bauhinia Villa and summoned Lam for a meeting, according to a person briefed on their discussions.
Gathered at Bauhinia Villa was a multi-departmental team of Chinese public security, cybersecurity and intelligence officials, as well as advisers on Hong Kong affairs, three sources said.
When Lam proposed a suspension of the bill at that meeting, Han agreed after talking with other leaders in Beijing, the person briefed on the meeting said. Lam then announced the suspension of the bill on June 15.
The liaison office and senior pro-Beijing politicians in the territory “didn’t know about the withdrawal until close to the decision,” a senior Hong Kong official said.
The concession did not placate the protesters, who demanded a full and formal scrapping of the bill.
As the protests have persisted, Beijing has taken a more visible role in Hong Kong: Chinese aviation authorities called for Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific Airways to suspend staff who supported or participated in the demonstrations, mainland paramilitary forces conducted exercises openly just across the border in Shenzhen and China last week criticized a Hong Kong court ruling that overturned the territory’s ban on face coverings used by protesters, rare interference in the territory’s judiciary.
Bauhinia Villa has long been an outpost for mainland China’s dealings with Hong Kong.
In addition to serving as a crisis center during the 2014 protests, the villa has been used as a low-key venue for Chinese officials to meet with Hong Kong figures, with lodging facilities and ample space for conferences and events. Bauhinia Villa also has hosted delegations from the Hong Kong pro-establishment and pro-Beijing camps for training sessions and preparatory meetings before annual legislative sessions in Beijing.
Another Chinese government-owned resort that hosts official functions, Kylin Villa, is nearby.
Xi himself stayed in Bauhinia Villa before he took power in 2012 and planted a tree inside the lake-side resort.
Security is tight, with checkpoints, spiked fences topped with barbed wire and numerous surveillance cameras. At the back is a steep, tree-covered hill ringed with fencing, while on another side lies a conference center.
A Reuters journalist was turned away recently when he approached the property.
Additional reporting by Greg Torode
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