In October 2008, at the height of the financial crisis when job markets were freezing up globally, Akane Natori easily found a position she liked.
“Things went so smoothly after applying online, and before I knew it, I had the job,” said Natori, who was then a 26-year-old sales assistant at an import-export company in Tokyo.
There was just one catch: Natori’s new job — working in a call center answering queries from customers in Japan — was in Bangkok. The trend is one that speaks volumes about the Japanese economy and the challenges younger Japanese face in a country where college graduates used to count on lifetime employment with the company they joined.
FIERCE PRESSURE
Under fierce pressure to cut costs, large Japanese companies are increasingly outsourcing and sending white-collar operations to China and Southeast Asia, where doing business costs less than in Japan. However, while many US companies have been content to transfer work to, say, an Indian outsourcing company staffed with English-speaking Indians, Japanese companies are taking a different tack. Japanese outsourcing firms are hiring Japanese workers to do the jobs overseas — and paying them considerably less than if they were working in Japan.
Companies like Transcosmos and Masterpiece have set up call centers, data-entry offices and technical support operations staffed by Japanese workers in cities like Bangkok, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taipei.
Transcosmos pays a call center operator in Thailand a starting salary of about 30,000 baht (US$930) a month — less than half of the ¥220,000 (US$$2,500) the same employee would get in Tokyo. That means a saving of 30 percent to 40 percent for customers, Transcosmos said.
Such outposts cater to Japanese employers who say they cannot do without Japanese workers for reasons of language and culture. Even foreign citizens with a good command of the Japanese language, they say, may not be equipped with a nuanced understanding of the manners and politesse that Japanese customers often demand.
“If you used Japanese-speaking Chinese, for example, the service quality does not match up with the expectations of the end customers,” said Tatsuhito Muramatsu, managing director at Natori’s employer, Transcosmos Thailand, a unit of Transcosmos, which is based in Tokyo.
Statistics on exactly how many Japanese have taken jobs outside the country at lower wages are hard to come by, but the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications said that there was a net outflow of 100,000 Japanese in the year that ended in September 2008, the most recent for which statistics were available. It was the highest number in the last 20 years.
The number of “independent businesspeople” and freelance contractors like Natori rose 5.69 percent in that period, according to data from the Japanese Foreign Ministry.
Many large Asian cities — including Bangkok, Hong Kong, New Delhi, Shanghai, Singapore and Jakarta in Indonesia — have three to four Japanese job placement agencies each. Four Japanese outsourcing companies run call centers in Bangkok, which is a particularly attractive city for such operations because it has low costs but good amenities, offering a living standard that young Japanese enjoy.
Transcosmos runs the largest Japanese call center in Bangkok, having nearly tripled its staff to 170, from 60 workers in late 2008. “We see ourselves growing to as large as 500 workers here,” Muramatsu said.
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