Taiwan should make a comprehensive energy policy and implement measures to cut greenhouse emissions to comply with the Kyoto Protocol that took effect on Feb. 16 this year, officials and energy experts said yesterday.
"The energy and climate policies made in 1998 did not help reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, or greenhouse emissions, meaning the policies need to be overhauled," Lee Chien-ming (李堅明), associate professor at National Taipei University's Institute of Natural Resource Management, said at the National Energy Conference in Taipei yesterday.
The two-day conference is being held to examine and modify Taiwan's energy policies in different sectors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions after the Kyoto Protocol went into effect.
Under the protocol, industrialized countries agreed to reduce emissions by an average 5.2 percent from 1990 levels by 2012.
Though not a signatory of the global agreement because it is not a member of the UN, Taiwan has pledged to keep in line with the international trend toward environmental protection since 1998, one year after the Kyoto Protocol was proposed.
In that same year, the government held a national energy meeting and came up with policies to keep carbon dioxide emissions at the 2000 level by 2020, and enhance efficiency in energy productivity by 28 percent.
Those efforts, however, did not achieve the goals, as energy consumption rose by 28 percent from 1998 to 2003, and carbon dioxide emissions also increased 26 percent to 255.98 million tonnes in 2003, Lee said, citing statistics from the Bureau of Energy under the Ministry of Economic Affairs.
Ho Shun-chin (
She said Taiwan relies heavily on fossil-fuel energy, which accounts for about 90.6 percent of all energy supplies. Coal, which produces the most carbon dioxide, increased from 17.5 percent of consumed fossil fuels in 1983, to 32.5 percent in 2003 -- a more rapid increase than other fuels, such as oil and natural gas, she added.
To deal with the situation, both Lee and Ho urged the government to initiate a bill to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and set out effective measures and tools to carry out the policies.
One suggestion is to adjust electricity prices to reflect fluctuating energy prices, Ho said.
"Industrial users, in particular, consume the majority of electricity, but pay one-third to one-half of the fees that household users pay," she said.
Another measure is adding a fuel surcharge to retail gasoline prices, in a bid to discourage usage of gasoline while helping cut emissions from autos and motorcycles, Lee said, adding that this policy was first proposed during the 1998 meeting, but was not implemented.
Development and promotion of renewable energy is another solution, said Arnold Baker, president of International Association for Energy Economics.
Baker addressed at the conference yesterday as a guest speaker. He said that hydrogen, for example, has been widely used by governments and car companies as a major renewable energy source and atlernative to solar, wind and geothermal energy.
In addition, nanotechnology has the potential to fundamentally change energy supply and demand, as several innovations from applications of the technology have been shown to improve power efficiency, he added.
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