A Chinese-backed foundation and Nepal’s government plan to transform Lord Buddha’s birthplace in southern Nepal into a magnet for Buddhists in the same way as Mecca is to Muslims and the Vatican for Catholics.
The Asia-Pacific Exchange and Cooperation Foundation plans to raise US$3 billion at home and abroad to build temples, an airport, a highway, hotels, convention centers and a Buddhist university in the town of Lumbini, about 171km southwest of Nepal’s capital, Kathmandu.
The foundation, blessed by the Chinese government, signed a memorandum of understanding with the Nepalese government last month to jointly develop and operate Lumbini, where Buddha was born Prince Gautama Siddhartha about 2,600 years ago.
The foundation also pledged to bring communications, water and electricity to Lumbini.
Buddhism was virtually wiped out in China during the chaotic 1966 to 1976 Cultural Revolution when temples were shut, Buddhist statues smashed, scriptures burned, and monks and nuns forced to return to secular life and marry.
In recent years, China has become more tolerant of Buddhism, which is considered “traditional culture” alongside Taoism and Confucianism.
“Lumbini will transcend religion, ideology and race. We hope to rejuvenate the spirit of Lord Buddha,” said Xiao Wunan, a devout Buddhist who is executive vice president of the foundation.
The development of Lumbini will also help boost government revenues, create jobs and improve infrastructure in the impoverished corner of Nepal, the two sides said in the memorandum.
The town attracts nearly 500,000 tourists each year.
Xiao hopes Lumbini can bring together all three schools of Buddhism — the Mahayana, or “Greater Vehicle” which is dominant in China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; Tibetan Buddhism; and the Hinayana, or “Lesser Vehicle” which is popular in Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
China’s expanding ties with countries in South Asia has stoked concern in neighbor India, which fears encirclement, but Xiao said there were no political motives behind the push to develop Lumbini.
He said that the foundation hoped to talk to New Delhi about the possibility of developing Bodh Gaya in eastern India, where Buddha attained enlightenment and Kushinagar, where he died.
In recent years, officially atheist China has sought to control but not stifle religion, using faith to help curb rising social unrest and fill an ideological vacuum in the post-Mao Zedong (毛澤東) era.
However, the government has little tolerance for groups that challenge its control — earlier this year security forces detained members of a Christian “house” church in Beijing that sought a permanent place of worship.
China is generally less fearful of Buddhism, with its home-grown roots. The number of followers in China has surged dramatically to about 500 million.
Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, hosted the first World Buddhist Forum in 2006, thanks to Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (習近平), the then-provincial-party boss who pulled out all the stops to stage the landmark event.
The second meeting of the forum was held in Wuxi in nearby Jiangsu Province in 2009.
China plans to hold the third forum in Xian, home of the terracotta warriors, next year.
Nevertheless, it maintains tight control of religion, especially in Tibet, where monks and nuns have been jailed for supporting independence or their exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama.
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