A promotional campaign linked to the 2014 Winter Olympics is stirring debate in Russia because of its use of allegedly “fascist” imagery.
The campaign employs images of blue-eyed, blond sportsmen and women that have been described by critics as “neo-Hitlerite” and “like something from a Leni Riefenstahl film.”
Images of an Aryan-looking snowboarder and an ice-skater gazing into the middle distance dominate giant billboards in Moscow and feature on the cover of brochures to advertise Gorky Gorod, an elite housing complex being built at Krasnaya Polyana near Sochi on Russia’s Black Sea coast. The complex is a private-public partnership that will be the Olympic media village at the 2014 Games.
“Without doubt, the authors of this advertising were inspired by Nazi art,” said Ekaterina Degot, a well-known art historian and former curator at the State Tretyakov Gallery.
When the billboards were put up, the Russian art collective Voina, itself known for its controversial painting of a 65m penis on a drawbridge in St Petersburg, tweeted: “On Pushkinskaya Square opposite Gap, there is a huge advertisement, openly fascist in style, for elite housing in Sochi.”
Degot and others said the style and pose of the subjects in the images was heavily suggestive of Nazi art, which stresses racial purity and superiority.
The Guardian has learned that the images of the sportsmen were produced by Doping-Pong, a St Petersburg-based design company that uses a swastika as one of its online “banners.”
One of the company’s recent projects is a series of erotic photographs of two young women, one called a “fa” (fascist), the other an “antifa” (anti-fascist activist), who grapple with each other in a wrestling ring and tear off each other’s clothes. The “fa” appears to win the fight and triumphantly wrap herself in a Nazi flag.
Doping-Pong also works closely with Katya Zashtopik, a Russian artist in her 20s who is known for her sympathies with the ultra-right and who uses the online avatar Dopingirl.
On April 20, Adolf Hitler’s birthday, she published a yellow “smiley” on her blog embellished with a toothbrush moustache and a slick of black hair. The caption read: “Happy Birthday.”
Dima Mishenin, one of the designers at Doping-Pong, denied a report that Zashtopik was personally involved with producing the Gorky Gorod images.
“It’s our work, not hers,” he said.
Mishenin said he had no sympathy with far-right ideas, but said he believed “the Olympic aesthetic starts in Berlin in 1936 and is created by Leni Riefenstahl.”
“For me, this is about the aesthetics of beauty,” he said.
Asked about the use of Nazi iconography in his other work, he said: “When I use a symbol of culture of Nazi Germany like a swastika then, of course, I use it as a representative of the victor nation.”
In an earlier interview he said: “These symbols are trophies, like skulls on our Slavic fence.”
Mikhail Fedotov, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev’s adviser on civil society and human rights, said he was troubled that a company that “played games with Nazi symbols” had been employed.
Gorky Gorod issued a statement from its creative director, Dmitry Leshchinsky, who hinted at a conspiracy to discredit the project.
“Any association with fascism is very unpleasant to us, and the opinions and methods of several ‘critics’ provoke exactly those kinds of associations,” he said. “The publishing of disgusting labels and the promotion of pasquinades in the media; destroying and pouring dirt on everything that stands out, even by the smallest margin, from the gray mass of advertising — that is real fascism, in my opinion.”
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