A campaign to declare the mass destruction of ecosystems an international crime against peace — alongside genocide and crimes against humanity — is being launched in the UK.
The proposal for the UN to accept “ecocide” as a fifth “crime against peace,” which could be tried at the International Criminal Court (ICC), is the brainchild of British lawyer-turned-campaigner Polly Higgins.
The idea would have a profound effect on industries blamed for widespread damage to the environment, such as fossil fuels, mining, agriculture, chemicals and forestry.
Supporters of a new ecocide law also believe it could be used to prosecute “climate deniers” who distort science and facts to discourage voters and politicians from taking action to tackle global warming and climate change.
“Ecocide is in essence the very antithesis of life,” Higgins said. “It leads to resource depletion, and where there is escalation of resource depletion, war comes chasing behind. Where such destruction arises out of the actions of mankind, ecocide can be regarded as a crime against peace.”
Higgins, formerly a barrister in London specializing in employment, has already had success at the UN with a Universal Declaration for Planetary Rights, modeled on the human rights declaration.
“My starting point was ‘how do we create a duty of care to the planet, a pre-emptive obligation to not harm the planet?’” she said.
After a successful launch at the UN in 2008, the idea has been adopted by the Bolivian government, who will propose a full members’ vote, and Higgins has taken up her campaign for ecocide.
Ecocide is already recognized by dictionaries, but Higgins’ more legal definition would be: “The extensive destruction, damage to or loss of ecosystem[s] of a given territory, whether by human agency or by other causes, to such an extent that peaceful enjoyment by the inhabitants of that territory has been severely diminished.”
The ICC was set up in 2002 to hear cases for four crimes against peace: genocide, war crimes, crimes of aggression (such as unprovoked war) and crimes against humanity.
Higgins makes her case for ecocide to join that list with a simple equation: Extraction leads to ecocide, which leads to resource depletion, and resource depletion leads to conflict.
“The link is if you keep over-extracting from your capital asset we’ll have very little left and we will go to war over our capital asset, the last of it,” said Higgins, who has support in the UN and European commission, and among climate scientists, environmental lawyers and international campaign groups.
Although there is debate over how frequently people go to war over resources such as water, a growing number of important voices are arguing this case. Most recently David King, the UK’[s former chief scientist, predicted a century of “resource wars” and in response to a report on resource conflicts by campaign group Global Witness, Lessons Unlearned, the UN appeared to accept many of the arguments.
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