Last year, China’s push for the network certificate and internet ID system sparked widespread debate. The internet ID assigns users a unique code linked to their personal information without revealing their full identity, while the network certificate serves as a digital credential, enabling users to verify their identity across various platforms. This bold policy requires Chinese citizens to connect their online activities to their real identities.
An internet “real-name system” demands that every user provide their actual identity information before accessing online services. The goal is to prevent online crime, cyberbullying, and harmful content. China has implemented a comprehensive real-name verification system since 2017. The authorities insist that citizens offer their real names to register accounts on popular social media platforms like WeChat and Weibo, and even gaming services. Similarly, Vietnam introduced Decree 147 in 2024. Under this strict law, users on Facebook and TikTok are required to verify their identities. Additionally, Decree 147 limits minors’ gaming hours to curb addiction.
Despite its aim of enhancing safety, the internet real-name system raises serious concerns. Critics argue that such policies can significantly restrict freedom of speech. When every online comment is directly tied to an individual, people may hesitate to express controversial opinions, especially on political topics. Furthermore, privacy advocates warn of potential data abuse, as personal information could be exposed in security leaks. South Korea previously enforced a real-name system, but abolished it in 2012 after a major data leak and strong public opposition.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons / 照片：維基共享資源提供
The internet real-name system highlights the challenge of balancing security and individual rights. People should be cautious and responsible when posting online and avoid violating laws or causing disorder under the guise of anonymity. Taiwan, as a free, democratic country, does not impose such regulations, making it even more essential to cherish and protect our internet freedoms.
去年，中國推動「網證」與「網號」制度引起了廣泛爭議。網號是指使用者會獲得一組與其個人資料綁定但不會公開完整身分的專屬代碼，而網證則是一種數位憑證，可讓使用者在不同平台上驗證身分。這項大膽的政策要求中國公民將其網路活動與真實身分連結。
網路實名制要求每位使用者提供真實的身分資料，才能取得網路服務。其目標是為了防止網路犯罪、網路霸凌以及有害內容。中國自西元 2017 年起全面實施實名制。有關當局堅持民眾須提供本名，才能在微信和微博等熱門社群平台，甚至是遊戲服務註冊帳號。越南也於西元 2024 年頒布《第 147 號法令》。在這項嚴格的法律下，臉書和抖音的使用者必須驗證身分。此外，《第 147 號法令》限制未成年人的遊戲時間，以防遊戲成癮。
儘管網路實名制旨在提升網路安全，但仍引發了嚴重的擔憂。批評者指出，這類政策會大幅限制言論自由。當每則網路發言都與個人身分直接相關時，人們在表達有爭議的言論時可能會猶豫不決，尤其是涉及政治議題。此外，隱私權擁護者警告可能出現資料濫用的情況，因為個資可能因資安漏洞而外洩。南韓先前曾實施網路實名制，但在西元 2012 年因發生重大個資外洩及強烈的民意反彈後而廢除。
網路實名制突顯了平衡安全與個人權利的挑戰。人們在網路上發文時應謹慎負責，避免以匿名為幌子違法亂紀。臺灣作為一個自由民主的國家並未實施此類規定，這使得珍視和保護我們的網路自由變得更加重要。
MORE INFORMATION
digital credential 數位憑證（網路身分驗證方式）
cyberbullying n. 網路霸凌
decree n. 法令；政令
enhance vt. 增強；提高
guise n. 偽裝
anonymity n. 匿名
KEY VOCABULARY
1. certificate n. 證明
The hospital gave the parents a temporary birth certificate after the baby was born.
寶寶出生後，醫院發給父母一份臨時的出生證明。
2. verify vt. 驗證；核對
verification n. 核實；證明
Lisa verified her identity before accessing the online banking system.
麗莎在使用網路銀行系統前驗證了她的身分。
3. comprehensive adj. 全面的
This report includes a comprehensive analysis of the company’s performance last year.
這份報告包含對公司去年表現的全面分析。
4. curb vt. 控制；限制
The government introduced new rules to curb air pollution and protect the environment for future generations.
政府推出新規定來抑制空氣汙染，保護未來世代的環境。
5. addiction n. 成癮；上癮
Fast food addiction may cause serious health problems in the long run.
速食成癮從長遠來看可能會導致嚴重的健康問題。
6. advocate n. 提倡者；擁護者
Nancy is a well-known advocate for women’s rights and social equality.
南西是位知名的女性權益與社會平等倡議者。
7. abuse n. 濫用
Drug abuse continues to be a major concern in many countries.
藥物濫用仍然是許多國家關注的重大問題。
8. abolish vt. 廢除；廢止
Many people believe it’s time to abolish unfair school dress codes.
許多人認為是時候廢除不公平的學校服裝規定。
9. cautious adj. 謹慎的；小心的
Doctors are more cautious about using new treatments without enough research.
醫生在沒有足夠研究的情況下，對新療法會特別謹慎。
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