1. 我們最小的女兒瑪麗成為一個聰明勇敢的女子。
ˇ Mary, our youngest daughter, grew into an intelligent and brave woman.
χ Mary, our youngest daughter, she grew into an intelligent and brave woman.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 照片:Adobe Stock
註：主詞重疊在中文裏偶或出現，如：「瑪麗…她…」，但英語中每個句子只能有一個主詞，因此Mary... she...不符英文習慣。
2. 是殖民者來美洲破壞了美洲印地安人的文化。
ˇ It was the colonists that came to America and destroyed the American Indians’ civilization.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 照片:Adobe Stock
χ It was the colonists came to America and destroyed the American Indians’ civilization.
註：強調句中的主詞、受詞或副詞最常用的方法是改成It is ... that ...的結構。強調部分，放在It is之後，其餘的部分放在that之後。若是將that省略則不合文法，因該句將多出一個動詞。縱使It is之後的名詞是人，最好還是用that，不要用 who。
ˇ It was my uncle that brought us this happy life.
（強調 My uncle brought us this happy life. 句中的主詞。）
χ It was after independence that we led a happy life.
（強調 We led a happy life after independence. 句中的副詞。）
3. 我那天買的微波爐花了我一千六百塊錢。
ˇ The microwave oven that I bought the other day cost me sixteen hundred dollars.
χ The microwave oven that I bought the other day it cost me sixteen hundred dollars.
註：關係代名詞that在句中有雙重作用，即連接主要及從屬句，本身又在從屬句中兼作主詞或受詞。因此從屬句中出現的it是多餘的，應該刪去。句中的關係代名詞that在口語中通常省略。
4. 他動手打她，因此感到愧疚。
ˇ He was ashamed that he had hit her.
ˇ He was ashamed to have hit her.
ˇ He was ashamed of hitting (/having hit) her.
χ He was ashamed of that he had hit her.
註：to be ashamed of後面跟名詞，或用what引導的從屬句，如：He is ashamed of what he has done.；不能直接跟用that引導的從屬句，應刪去of，或變換句子的結構，例如：
He is ashamed that he has made such a mistake.
He is ashamed of the mistake he made.
5. 起初我發覺他所說的很難懂。
ˇ At first I found it very difficult to understand what he said.
χ At first I found very difficult to understand what he said.
註：當複合受詞中第一部分不是名詞或代名詞而是不定詞、動名詞或從屬句時，通常要用it代替，把這不定詞、動名詞或從屬句放在句尾。這裏it代替不定詞片語to understand what he said。
Exercises
A. 是我的妻子為我們帶來了快樂的生活。
It was my wife __________ brought us this happy life.
1. who 2. whom 3. which 4. that
B. 我發覺攀爬這座小山很困難。
I __________ to climb the hill.
1. found very difficult 2. found it very difficult
3. found that very difficult 4. found its very difficult
Answers: A. 4 B. 2
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www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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