2023年元旦起勞動新制上路，基本工資和時薪調漲、勞保費率調整、「大專青年預聘計畫」等，都與民眾息息相關。本週我們介紹一些有關《勞動基準法》（Labor Standards Act）的英文單字，讓你能夠與外籍同事談論這件事，也可以學會一些TOEIC測驗英文單字。
法律修訂
從字根legal延伸出跟修法有關的字，包括有立法legislate、立法委員legislator、與立法程序legislation。因為臺灣施行五院分立的制度，所以「立法院」的英文也就俗稱為Legislative Yuan。legal作為字根的意思是法律的，作為單字則變成合法的，不合法則直接改為illegal。另外，修法通過的英文說法為legislature has been cleared。
Photo: Pixabay 圖片來源:Pixabay
修改法律的正式用語為amendment，amend原意為修補，而若要使用動詞，修改法律就是amend/revise the law。此外，正式的修正案通常會在前方加上數字作為區分，例如美國憲法中的第五修正案就叫做Fifth Amendment。
在法律修訂中，最擔心的就是會有人鑽法律漏洞。法律上的漏洞不能使用leak來表示，因為leak指的是實體事物的漏水情況或是資訊上的洩漏，所以法律條文上的漏洞會使用loophole這個字，而loophole也可用於軟體或是硬體的安全漏洞security loophole。
If the company identified the loopholes in chips earlier, the hackers would not be able to put a backdoor on the laptop.
（若這間公司早點發現晶片上的安全漏洞，駭客就無法在筆電上安裝後門程式了。）
在TOEIC測驗中由於不會有負面場景，所以amendment與loophole都常被用在員工手冊或軟體授權條軟上的修訂。
工時計算
加班overtime（OT）是很難避免的，但該拿的加班費可不能少。由於一般時薪與薪資的口語說法為pay，故時薪即為hourly pay/wage，與overtime結合在一起，加班費就變成了overtime pay。
Please start dinner without me. I need to work overtime tonight.
（請別等我吃晚餐，我今晚需要加班。）
The wage for the overtime work will be paid biweekly.
（加班的工資將會雙週給付一次。）
加班費是以實際工時actual number of work hours計算，actual的意思是確切的、真實的。而加班從第三個小時開始from the third hour onward就以1.66倍計算，onward的意思為從這個時間點開始就會這樣處理。而加班上限為每月54小時，在這裡上限並不會使用limit，而會使用cap，故overtime cap意思就是加班上限了。
除了政府單位，勞資雙方也就勞基法進行許多的協商會議，這樣的會議稱為employer-staff meetings。而勞資雙方為了達成共識reach a consensus，需要的就是取得員工同意gain the consent of the employees。
在TOEIC測驗的考題中，由於人事場景出現的比例極高，所以pay與wage等字都很常見，最後的「達成共識」說法，由於閱讀題中有時會有談判或公司間簽約的場景，所以也常常可以看到。
相關福利
休假的英文名詞是leave，所以請假就是take a ____ leave就是請___假，例如sick leave就是病假、personal leave就是事假。而補休的英文為compensatory holidays/leaves，這邊所使用的「補償性」是由「補償」的動詞compensate而來。在TOEIC測驗中最常配合leave出現的搭配詞為有薪假paid leaves。
勞工沒有用完的補休可以轉換成薪資，因為轉換後的事物與原本的事物不同，故使用convert這個字。
The company must convert the unused compensatory holidays into overtime pay.
（公司必須將未使用的補休轉為加班費。）
客訴在TOEIC閱讀部分中克漏字與閱讀測驗超級常見的場景，所以就會出現賠償客戶損失（compensate for the loss）的用法。
【多益模擬試題】
1. Please kindly check the ______ in the new version of the employee rulebook. Some changes will lead to major differences.
(A) amendments (B) adjournments (C) advertisements (D) assessments
2. ______ to reach a consensus, the two parties in the negotiation decided to call it off for the day.
(A) Failed (B) Failing (C) To fail (D) Fail
3.Employees who work for more than 2 years will be _____ for paid leaves.
(A) omitted (B) embarked (C) eligible (D) transferred
【解析】
1. 題意為「煩請記得查閱新版員工守則的『修訂』，許多變革都會導致大量差異。」由後方的change便知手冊有所修改，故答案為(A)。(B)為散會、(C)為廣告、(D)為評估，皆與語意不合。
2. 題意為「____ 達成共識，談判雙方決定今天先到此為止。」Fail to表示「沒能達成…」，兩句間沒有連接詞，前方句又沒有主詞，所以是分詞構句。分詞構句中，主動句要使用現在分詞，被動句使用則用過去分詞。前方的句子原本應為The two parties in the negotiation failed to reach a consensus。以主動句表達，所以要使用現在分詞ing，故答案為(B)。
3. 題意為「年資超過兩年的員工就（有資格）享有有薪假。」這題只要前後文讀懂就能確認「有資格」的意義。所有選項中只有(C)的be eligible具有「擁有某種資格」的意思，故答案為(C)。(A)為刪除、(B)為出發、(D)為移轉，皆與語意不符合。
SOURCE: https://www.englishok.com.tw/top-news/labour-law-toeic-english-compensatory-holidays
文章由TOEIC Program Taiwan · Chun Shin提供：
www.facebook.com/ToeicProgramTaiwan
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