Mon, Aug 14, 2017 page9

• USING IDIOMS 活用成語

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  Chinese practice

  故態復萌

  revert to old ways

  

  Pictorial representation of Street Peddlers, also known as the Criers of Paris: Knife Grinder from Auvergne, by Anne Claude de Caylus in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 《街頭小販圖》寫真，又名《巴黎叫賣的小販:來自奧弗涅省的磨刀人》。安‧克勞‧德‧凱呂作。美國大都會博物館藏。

  Photo: Wikimedia Commons
  照片：維基共享資源

  (gu4 tai4 fu4 meng2)

  劉禹錫為唐代著名詩人、思想家、辭賦家，並曾任官於朝廷。劉禹錫因其與改革派的密切關係，被後來繼位的唐憲宗貶謫。在被貶到朗州（位於今湖南）時，劉禹錫作了〈砥石賦〉，做為在困境中對自我的勉礪。

  在〈砥石賦〉中，劉禹錫寫道，他有一把原本很鋒利的刀，帶到朗州後因當地潮溼的氣候而生鏽了。一位友人便送他一塊磨刀石，讓劉禹錫把刀磨利、除鏽，於是這把刀得以回復原初的光采。他繼續闡述自己應善加利用當時的處境，把他所遭受的打擊比喻為磨刀石，將自己的積習缺點磨去，如此他便可自我精進，成為一個更好的人。在此賦中，劉禹錫用「故態復還」一詞來指「恢復往日的榮光」。現今我們所用的成語「故態復萌」便是此語稍加改變的樣貌，字面意指「舊的狀態重新萌芽」。然而，這句話的原意是正面積極的，但現在的用法一般都有負面的含意，意思為「old habits die hard」（積習難改──舊的習慣，到死都很難改掉）。

  「Old habits die hard」一語出自美國神職人員及歷史學家傑瑞米‧貝爾納普（西元一七四四～一七九八年）。它的意義同成語「故態復萌」，指戒除壞習慣之困難，以及罪犯容易回到老樣子的傾向，即便其動機原本常是良善的。 (台北時報編譯林俐凱譯)

  抽查的時間一過，承包商就故態復萌，繼續偷工減料。

  (As soon as the spot check was over the contractors were back to their old ways of sloppy work and scrimping on materials.)

  英文練習

  return (something) to its former glory

  old habits die hard

  Liu Yuxi was an accomplished poet, philosopher, prose writer and government official in the Tang dynasty. He was banished from court when emperor Xianzong ascended the throne, due to his close association with reformers, and stationed in Langzhou in present-day Hunan. It was in Langzhou that he wrote his “On the Whetstone,” as a way to give himself a bit of encouragement in his unfortunate situation.

  In the prose, Liu writes about a sword of his that, while once extremely sharp, had become rusty in the humid climate of his new Langzhou home. A friend gave him a whetstone, and Liu was able to sharpen his sword and remove the rust, returning it to its former glory. He went on to elucidate about making the best of his current situation, using the blows life had dealt him as a metaphorical whetstone to grind away the faults he’d accumulated, such that he could make himself a better person.

  Liu used the term “故態復還” to mean “return to its former glory.” That term, in slightly altered form, gives us the idiom now used, 故態復萌, literally “old state sprouts anew.” Whereas the original meaning was essentially positive, the modern usage is generally negative in tone, in the sense of “old habits die hard.”

  The phrase “old habits die hard” is accredited to the American clergyman and historian Jeremy Belknap (1744-1798). Like 故態復萌, it refers to the difficulty of breaking bad habits, and the propensity of former offenders to return to their old ways, often despite their otherwise good intentions.(Paul Cooper, Taipei Times)

  I know I have to give up smoking, but it’s not easy. Old habits die hard.

  (我知道我一定得戒菸，但這並不容易。壞習慣容易故態復萌。）
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